電氣畢業(yè)論文--35kV變電所設(shè)計(jì)

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摘要：近年來(lái)，我國(guó)電力系統(tǒng)發(fā)展很快，交流750kV系統(tǒng)已于2005年10月在大西北電網(wǎng)投入運(yùn)行，±800kV系統(tǒng)也在規(guī)劃建設(shè)當(dāng)中。與此同時(shí)，世界各國(guó)都把電能消費(fèi)占總能源消費(fèi)的比重和電力系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展速度，作為衡量國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代化水平的標(biāo)志，所以發(fā)展電力是當(dāng)今世界每個(gè)國(guó)家的重點(diǎn)。電力工業(yè)已經(jīng)成為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中具有社會(huì)公益性和發(fā)展先行性的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)行業(yè)，關(guān)系著國(guó)家工業(yè)生產(chǎn)命脈，是實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)。可以說(shuō)，電氣化就是現(xiàn)代化的象征，沒(méi)有電氣化就沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代化。
技術(shù)進(jìn)步不僅能夠推動(dòng)行業(yè)的發(fā)展，而且能夠促進(jìn)技術(shù)自身的發(fā)展。電力系統(tǒng)的快速發(fā)展，同時(shí)也促進(jìn)的電力系統(tǒng)各組成的設(shè)計(jì)與建設(shè)、系統(tǒng)維護(hù)與運(yùn)行、電力設(shè)備制造和檢測(cè)、監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)控與綜合自動(dòng)化等技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步。其中，作為電力系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)重要組成部分，作為電力傳輸?shù)臉屑~和媒介，各級(jí)變電所正受到廣大電氣開(kāi)發(fā)人員的關(guān)注。如何根據(jù)系統(tǒng)要求、負(fù)荷要求，并結(jié)合環(huán)境等各方面的條件來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)變電所，以實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率、低損耗的電能運(yùn)輸，這需要我們不斷進(jìn)行探索。
35kV變電所現(xiàn)在雖然在用電量大的城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的沿海城市已不再擴(kuò)建,但由于它具有投資少、見(jiàn)效快、建設(shè)周期短、安裝、運(yùn)行、維護(hù)、檢修技術(shù)力量較容易解決等特點(diǎn),在廣大的農(nóng)村地區(qū)這種供電方式仍將長(zhǎng)期存在,主要對(duì)35kV變電所主系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的探討。本設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)某某城鎮(zhèn)的電力負(fù)荷資料，進(jìn)行了該城鎮(zhèn)35kV降壓變電所的初步設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)中先對(duì)負(fù)荷進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)與計(jì)算，選出了所需的主變型號(hào)，然后根據(jù)負(fù)荷性質(zhì)及對(duì)供電可靠性要求擬定主接線設(shè)計(jì)，考慮到短路對(duì)系統(tǒng)的嚴(yán)重影響，設(shè)計(jì)中進(jìn)行了短路計(jì)算。設(shè)計(jì)中還對(duì)主要高壓電器設(shè)備進(jìn)行了選擇與計(jì)算，如斷路器、隔離開(kāi)關(guān)、電壓互感器、電流互感器等。此外還進(jìn)行了防雷保護(hù)的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算，提高了整個(gè)變電所的安全性。
關(guān)鍵詞：變電所 短路計(jì)算 整定保護(hù) 防雷措施

The design of a 35kV transformer substation
Abstract：In recent years, China's electric power system has developed rapidly. An AC 750kV system was grid into operation in Northwest, October, 2005.A ± 800kV system also be planned to build as soon as possible. At the same time, most countries around the world regard the proportion that Energy consumption proportion of total energy consumption and the pace of development of the power systems as a symbol to measure the level of national economic development and modernization. As a result, the development of power is the focus of every country in the world today. Power industry has become a basic industry of the national economy with social welfare and leadship of the national economy, influencing the national industrial production lifeline. It has become a strategic focus to achieve national economic modernization. It can be also said that electrification is a symbol of modern. There will be no modernization without electrification.
Technological advances can not only promote the development of the industry but also to promote the development of technology itself. The rapid development of the power system promotes the development of design and construction in the various components of the power system, system maintenance and operation, manufacturing and testing of power equipments and monitoring and control and integrated automation. Different levels of substation draw the majority of positive attention from electrical developers as an important part in the power system as well as hub and media in power transmission. How to design a substation according to the system requirements and load requirements combined with other aspects of environmental conditions in order to achieve high efficiency, low loss power transport, this requires us to continue to explore.
35kV substation is no longer to expanded in the cities of large electricity demand and economically developed coastal cities. However, in the vast rural areas, this power supply will exist for a long time because of the feature less investment, short construction period, easy installation, operation, maintenance and repair technology. Preliminary design of 35kV substation buck has been done based on certain information about power load of a small town. The first process of the design is selecting the required transformer model based on statistics and calculates of all loads. Than I make the main wiring design according to the nature of the load and reliability requirements. Designs contain short-circuit calculation; taking serious impacts on the system by short-circuit into account. Than, do some selection and calculation of main high-voltage electrical equipment ,such as breaker，disconnections ,voltage transformer and current transformer. It also conducted a lightning protection design and calculation, improves the security of the entire substation.
Key words: Transformer substation Short-circuit calculation Tuning protection Lightning protection

目  錄

第一章 緒論 1
第二章 原始資料 3
1.1系統(tǒng)情況 3
第三章 變壓器的選擇 5
3.1 主變臺(tái)數(shù)的選擇 5
3.2 調(diào)壓方式的選擇  5
3.3 容量的選擇 5
3.4 主變阻抗的選擇   7
3.5 主變冷卻方式的選擇   7
3.6 是否選用自耦變壓器   7
3.7 變壓器各側(cè)電壓等級(jí)的選擇   7
3.8 相數(shù)、繞組數(shù)和繞組連接方式的選擇   8
3.9 變壓器電壓繞組材料的選擇   8
3.10 主變壓器保護(hù)    8
第四章 電氣主接線設(shè)計(jì) 10
4.1 基本要求和原則 10
4.2 母線接線的選擇 10
4.2.1 35kV側(cè) 10
4.2.2 10kV側(cè) 12
4.3 中性點(diǎn)接線方式 13
第五章 短路電流計(jì)算 15
5.1 短路的概念 15
5.2 短路電流計(jì)算的目的 15
5.3 短路電流計(jì)算的基本原理 15
5.3.1 基本假設(shè) 15
5.3.2 計(jì)算方法和步驟 16
5.4具體計(jì)算過(guò)程 16
5.4.1 負(fù)荷計(jì)算 16
5.4.2 短路電流計(jì)算 17
第六章 電氣設(shè)備的選型與保護(hù) 20
6.1電氣設(shè)備選擇的重要性 20
6.2電氣設(shè)備選擇的一般條件 20
6.2.1 按正常工作條件選擇電氣設(shè)備 20
6.2.2 按短路情況校驗(yàn)熱穩(wěn)定性和動(dòng)穩(wěn)定性 21
6.3 相關(guān)電氣設(shè)備的選擇 22
6.3.1斷路器、隔離開(kāi)關(guān) 22
6.3.1.1 35kV側(cè)斷路器、隔離開(kāi)關(guān) 22
6.3.1.2 10kV側(cè)斷路器、隔離開(kāi)關(guān) 25
6.3.2熔斷器 27
6.3.2.1 35kV側(cè)熔斷器 28
6.3.2.2 10kV側(cè)熔斷器 28
6.3.3 限流電抗器 29
6.3.4 電力線路 31
6.3.4.1 母線的選擇及校驗(yàn) 31
6.3.4.2 輸電線路的選擇及校驗(yàn) 37
6.3.5  互感器 39
6.3.5.1 互感器的配置 39
6.3.5.2 電流互感器的選擇和校驗(yàn) 40
第七章 繼電保護(hù) 45
7.1 概述 45
7.2 繼電保護(hù)的基本條件 45
7.3 本系統(tǒng)故障分析 46
7.3.1 系統(tǒng)線路主要的故障 46
7.3.2 電力變壓器的故障 46
7.3.3 變壓器的不正常情況 46
7.4 本變電所繼電保護(hù)配置 46
7.4.1 35kV線路繼電保護(hù)配置 46
7.4.2 10kV線路繼電保護(hù)配置 46
7.4.3 主變壓器繼電保護(hù)配置 47
7.4.3.1 主保護(hù) 47
7.4.3.2 后備保護(hù) 48
第八章 防雷保護(hù) 49
8.1 變電所防雷概述 49
8.2 避雷針的選擇 49
結(jié)論與展望 52
致謝 53
參考文獻(xiàn) 54
附錄I  變電所所需電氣設(shè)備型號(hào)及具體參數(shù) 55
附錄II 變電所電氣部分主接線 58