碳關(guān)稅對(duì)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的影響

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[摘要]隨著人們對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)注越來(lái)越重視，低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)逐漸成為主流趨勢(shì)。2009年，美國(guó)眾議院通過(guò)了《美國(guó)清潔能源安全法案》，提出對(duì)高碳產(chǎn)業(yè)征收特別的二氧化碳關(guān)稅，也就是碳關(guān)稅。我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中重要產(chǎn)業(yè)，并且由于生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平較落后，我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)是高碳產(chǎn)業(yè)，征收碳關(guān)稅必然會(huì)對(duì)我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)生重要影響。因此，本文通過(guò)研究征收碳關(guān)稅對(duì)我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響，并提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議具有很重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
本文在已有研究基礎(chǔ)上，采用“理論分析-實(shí)證分析-結(jié)論與政策建議”的邏輯步驟深入分析了碳關(guān)稅對(duì)我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的影響。本文首先介紹碳關(guān)稅的概念和發(fā)展歷程；接著對(duì)我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析，指出我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；然后通過(guò)與世界先進(jìn)水平比較，解析我國(guó)鋼鐵企業(yè)碳排放量現(xiàn)狀；再然后對(duì)我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力進(jìn)行SWOT分析；最后分析征收碳關(guān)稅對(duì)我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的影響并提出以下相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議：我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)該積極面對(duì)碳關(guān)稅，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，大力發(fā)展低碳技術(shù)，通過(guò)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新從根本上解決碳關(guān)稅增加我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)品出口成本問(wèn)題。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 碳關(guān)稅；鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)；SWOT分析


Analysis on Carbon tariffs Impact on Steel Industry Export Trade and Countermeasures in China

[Abstract] With more and more attention to environmental protection , low-carbon economy gradually become the mainstream trend. In 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the “American Clean Energy and Security Act,” proposed special levy on carbon dioxide industrial tariffs, which is a carbon tariff. China’s steel industry is an important industry in the national economy, and because of the more backward production technology , China’s steel industry is a high-carbon industries, carbon tariffs would have a significant impact on China’s steel industry . Therefore, this paper studies the impact of carbon tariffs on China's steel industry, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions have a very important practical significance.
    In this paper, based on previous studies , the use of “ theory - An Empirical Analysis - Conclusion and policy recommendations ,” the logical steps in-depth analysis of the impact of carbon tariffs on our exports of iron and steel industry . This paper introduces the concept and development process of carbon tariffs; then the status quo of China’s steel industry ‘s export trade to analyze the development trend of China’s steel industry pointed export trade ; then by comparison with the world advanced level , carbon emissions resolve the status quo of China’s iron and steel enterprises ; and then on the international competitiveness of China's steel industry’s export trade SWOT analysis ; Finally impose carbon tariffs on China’s steel industry’s export trade and made the following corresponding countermeasures and suggestions : China’s steel industry should actively face carbon tariffs , optimize the industrial structure , to develop low-carbon technologies , China’s steel exports increased costs through technological innovation to solve the problem fundamentally carbon tariffs .
  
[Keyword ] carbon tariffs ; steel industry ; SWOT analysi

目錄
一、導(dǎo)論 1
（一）研究背景 1
（二）研究意義 1
二、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
（一）國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 2
（二）國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
三、碳關(guān)稅的概念及發(fā)展 3
（一）碳關(guān)稅 3
（二）碳關(guān)稅的發(fā)展進(jìn)程 4
（三）碳關(guān)稅與碳稅的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系 4
四、我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)出口貿(mào)易發(fā)展及碳排放量現(xiàn)狀分析 5
（一）鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)分析 5
（二）鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)企業(yè)碳排放量現(xiàn)狀分析 7
五、中國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)貿(mào)易的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力SWOT分析 8
（一）我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的內(nèi)部資源優(yōu)勢(shì)（S） 8
（二）我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的內(nèi)部資源劣勢(shì)（W） 9
（三）我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的外部環(huán)境機(jī)會(huì)(O) 9
（四）我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)威脅(T) 10
六、征收碳關(guān)稅對(duì)中國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)貿(mào)易的出口影響分析 11
（一）會(huì)增加我國(guó)鋼鐵企業(yè)的出口成本 11
（二）會(huì)增加我國(guó)的失業(yè)率 11
（三）出口貿(mào)易環(huán)境惡化，貿(mào)易摩擦增多 12
（四）會(huì)加劇新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的國(guó)際化競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 12
（五）會(huì)加速我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)改革，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) 12
七、對(duì)策建議 13
（一）大力引入低碳技術(shù)，發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì) 13
（二）積極參與國(guó)際上碳規(guī)則的制定，爭(zhēng)取主動(dòng)權(quán) 13
（三）優(yōu)化我國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) 14
（四）對(duì)鋼鐵企業(yè)給予政策扶持 14
（五）充分發(fā)揮碳關(guān)稅倒逼機(jī)制的作用 14
八、結(jié)論與展望 14
參考文獻(xiàn) 16