國(guó)內(nèi)外新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略對(duì)比分析

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[摘要] 20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)，隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，以混合動(dòng)力汽車、純電動(dòng)汽車、燃料電池汽車為代表的新能源汽車涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)。近年來(lái)，隨著國(guó)際能源供應(yīng)的持續(xù)緊張、原油價(jià)格的持續(xù)上漲以及全球環(huán)境保護(hù)呼聲的日益高漲，新能源汽車的技術(shù)研發(fā)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展受到了越來(lái)越多的重視，以美國(guó)、歐洲和日本為代表的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家都積極展開(kāi)了新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)踐。中國(guó)作為崛起中的大國(guó)，近年來(lái)汽車銷售量快速增長(zhǎng)，石油需求大幅增加，導(dǎo)致石油對(duì)外依存度急劇上升，并且快速的工業(yè)化導(dǎo)致了污染加重、溫室氣體排放大幅增加的局面。在這樣的背景下，中國(guó)發(fā)展新能源汽車就具有了重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，不僅有利于降低對(duì)石油的依賴、保證我國(guó)的能源安全，也有利于我國(guó)的環(huán)境保護(hù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，并為我國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展提供了重要的戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇，可以說(shuō)，中國(guó)對(duì)于新能源汽車的需要是越來(lái)越迫切了。本文圍繞新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)展開(kāi)，首先在介紹各種新能源汽車技術(shù)的定義、特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了我國(guó)新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境。其次，結(jié)合我國(guó)的實(shí)際情況，詳細(xì)分析了我國(guó)新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì)，機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)。最后，結(jié)合美國(guó)、歐洲、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)與政策，提出我國(guó)發(fā)展新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策建議。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 新能源汽車 產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展 發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略

Comparative Analysis of Chinese and Foreign Development Strategy of New Energy Automotive Industry
[ABSTRACT] Since 1990s, Alternative Fuel Vehicles like Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Electric Vehicle and Fuel Cell Vehicle were emerging as the development of automobile technology. In recent years, with the soaring crude oil price due to shortage of supply and rising demand on environment protection, the R&D and commercialization activities were highly invested, especially in US, Europe, Japan,etc. As an emerging giant, China is increasingly suffering from high dependency on imported crude oil due to soaring vehicle sales and also the growing demand on oil. Meanwhile, increasing consumption of oil and quick industrialization are leading to heavy pollution and exhaustion of greenhouse gas. Therefore, China is highly expected to rely on Alternation Fuel Vehicles that may secure national energy supply by reducing the dependency on oil, promote environment protection and sustainable development, and also bring a great opportunity of leaps on technology for domestic automakers. This paper concentrates on new energy automotive industry. Firstly, based on the introduction of various new energy automotive technology definition, characteristics, analyzes the strategic environment facing the new energy automotive industry development in china. Secondly, combining with the actual situation in China, a detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the development of new energy automotive industry in China, opportunities and challenges. Finally, combined with the practice and policy of developed countries America, Europe, Japan, put forward the development of China's new energy automotive industry policy recommendations.
[KEY WORDS] Alternative Fuel Vehicles Industry Development
Development Strategy
目 錄
一、理論基礎(chǔ)與研究現(xiàn)狀 1
（一）選題背景 1
（二）研究目的及意義 1
（三）新能源汽車與新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè) 1
（四）國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的研究 2
（五）本文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排及研究方法 3
二、中外新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的環(huán)境比較 4
（一）國(guó)外新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略概況 4
（二）中國(guó)新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的環(huán)境分析 6
三、中國(guó)新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的SWOT分析 10
（一）中國(guó)新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì)分析 10
（二）中國(guó)新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)分析 11
（三）結(jié)論 11
四、案例研究：美日歐發(fā)展新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略分析 12
（一）美國(guó)發(fā)展新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)概況 12
（二）日本發(fā)展新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)概況 14
（三）歐盟發(fā)展新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)概況 15
（四）國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)中國(guó)新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的啟示 16
五、結(jié)論與對(duì)策 17
（一）政府方面對(duì)策 17
（二）企業(yè)方面對(duì)策 18
（三）市場(chǎng)方面對(duì)策 19
參考文獻(xiàn) 20