肢體語


頁數(shù)：3 字?jǐn)?shù)：5965

摘要“肢體語”同語言一樣，都是文化的一部分。在不同文化中，肢體語的意義并不完全相同。各民族有不同的非語言交際方式.例如：不同的民族在談話時，對雙方保持多大距離才合適有不同的看法；談話雙方身體接觸的次數(shù)多少因文化不同而各異；在目光接觸這一方面也有許多規(guī)定：看不看對方，什么時候看，看多久，什么人可以看，什么人不可以看；在某些場合下，在中國和講英語的國家無論微笑還是大笑，通常表示友好﹑贊同﹑滿意﹑高興﹑愉快，但是在某些場合，中國人的笑會引起西方人的反感；打手勢時動作稍有不同，就會與原來的意圖有所區(qū)別，對某種手勢理解錯了，也會引起意外的反應(yīng)等等。因此，要用外語進(jìn)行有效的交際，在說某種語言時就得了解說話人的手勢，動作，舉止等所表示的意思。而有些權(quán)威人士認(rèn)為兩者相互依存。在大多數(shù)情況下這是對的。在某些情況下，人體動作與所說的話不一致，口頭說的與肢體語表達(dá)的意思不一樣。這時要借助其他信息或從整個情況中猜測說話人的意思，從某種意義上說，一切肢體語都要放在一定的情景下去理解；忽視了整個情景就會發(fā)生誤解。而通過中美肢體語對比研究表明，兩者有相似的地方，也有差異的地方，說明了解另一種語言中肢體語的重要性?？梢?，真正掌握兩種語言的人在換用另一種語言說話時也要換用另一種肢體語。這樣才能達(dá)到更好的交際效果。關(guān)鍵詞: 肢體語 不同文化 不同方式 Abstract“Body language”, like our verbal language, is also a part of our culture. But not all body language means the same thing in different cultures. Different people have different ways of making nonverbal communication. For example: different people have different ideas about the proper distance between people conversing; the appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures; one could draw up quite a list of “rules” about eye contact: to look or not to look; when to look and how long to look; who and who not to look at; smiles and laughter usually convey friendliness, approval, satisfaction, pleasure, joy and merriment, and, this is generally true in China as well as the English-speaking countries, however, there are situations when some Chinese will laugh that will cause negative reactions by westerners; gestures can be particularly troublesome, for a slight difference in making the gesture itself can mean something quite different from that intended, and, a wrong interpretation of a gesture can arouse quite unexpected reactions and so on. So in order to communicate effectively in a foreign language, one should know also the gestures, body movements, mannerisms and etc. that accompany a particular language. Some authorities feel that the two are dependent on each other. This is certainly true in most situations. But it is also true that in certain situations body action contradicts what is being said, just as the spoken words may mean something quite different from what body language communicates. When this occurs, one must try to get further information, or guess the meaning from the context of the situation. In a sense, all body language should be interpreted within a given context; to ignore the overall situation could be misleading. A comparative study of Chinese and American body language shows a number of similarities and diversities of body language. It shows the importance of knowing the specific gestures that go with a language. Observation shows that a truly bilingual person switches his body language at the same time he switches languages. This makes communication easier and better.Key words: nonverbal communication body language different culture different ways
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