永磁同步電機(jī)的應(yīng)用前景(外文翻譯)

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中文： 5800 字
英文： 18500字符


一、 概述
眾所周知，直流電動機(jī)有優(yōu)良的控制性能，其機(jī)械特性和調(diào)速特性均為平行的直線，這是各類交流電動機(jī)所沒有的特性。此外，直流電動機(jī)還有起動轉(zhuǎn)矩大、效率高、調(diào)速方便、動態(tài)特性好等特點(diǎn)。優(yōu)良的控制特性使直流電動機(jī)在70年代前的很長時(shí)間里，在有調(diào)速、控制要求的場合，幾乎成了唯一的選擇。但是，直流電動機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，其定子上有激磁繞組產(chǎn)生主磁場，對功率較大的直流電動機(jī)常常還裝有換向極，以改善電機(jī)的換向性能。直流電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子上安放電樞繞組和換向器，直流電源通過電刷和換向器將直流電送入電樞繞組并轉(zhuǎn)換成電樞繞組中的交變電流，即進(jìn)行機(jī)械式電流換向。復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)限制了直流電動機(jī)體積和重量的進(jìn)一步減小，尤其是電刷和換向器的滑動接觸造成了機(jī)械磨損和火花，使直流電動機(jī)的故障多、可靠性低、壽命短、保養(yǎng)維護(hù)工作量大。換向火花既造成了換向器的電腐蝕，還是一個(gè)無線電干擾源，會對周圍的電器設(shè)備帶來有害的影響。電機(jī)的容量越大、轉(zhuǎn)速越高，問題就越嚴(yán)重。所以，普通直流電動機(jī)的電刷和換向器限制了直流電動機(jī)向高速度、大容量的發(fā)展 ......



I. Introduction

As we all know, the DC motor has excellent control performance, its mechanical properties and characteristics are parallel to the straight line speed, this is not all the characteristics of AC motors. In addition, DC motors have high starting torque, high efficiency, speed convenient, and good dynamic characteristics. Excellent control feature allows the DC motor in the 70's a long time ago, in a speed control requirements of the occasion, almost became the only option. However, the DC motor complex structure, the stator excitation windings produces a main magnetic field, a large DC motor on the power often also equipped with a reversing polarity, to improve the motor 's commutation performance. Placed on the rotor DC motor armature winding and commutator, brushes and commutator DC power to direct current through the armature windings and convert it into the armature windings of the alternating current, namely, mechanical current reversing. Complex structure limits the DC motor and further reduce the size and weight, especially brush and commutator sliding contacts, mechanical wear and spark so much the fault of DC motor, low reliability, short life, service and maintenance work large. Caused the spark for both commutator electric corrosion, or a source of radio interference, electrical equipment will be brought around the harmful effects. The greater capacity of the motor, the higher the speed, the problem is more severe. Therefore, the normal DC motor brush and commutator limits the DC motor to the high-speed, high-capacity development.
In the AC line, it is also widely used in the AC induction motor to drag the work machine. AC induction motor has a simple structure, reliable, long life, low cost, service and maintenance easy. However, compared with the DC motor, speed performance is poor, a small starting torque, overload and low efficiency. Take rotating magnetic field generated reactive power draw from the grid, so power factor is low, particularly at light loads, this large increase in the line and power loss. A long time, does not require speed of occasions, such as fans, pumps, general machine tools the drive, the induction motor in a dominant position, of course, this type of drag, the virtually lost a lot of ......