PCB數(shù)控鉆機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計

摘    要

隨著全球化信息程度的加深，微電子技術(shù)的更廣泛應(yīng)用，我國集成電路產(chǎn)量快速增長，使得印刷電路板（PCB）加工行業(yè)的市場規(guī)模迅速擴(kuò)大，并且對PCB板加工的生產(chǎn)效率和生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量提出了更高的要求。而我國用于PCB板加工的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備之一的PCB數(shù)控鉆床相對落后，國外同類產(chǎn)品價格昂貴。因此，開發(fā)價格適中的高性能PCB板數(shù)控鉆床有了客觀的市場需求。
    本文主要對PCB板數(shù)控鉆床控制系統(tǒng)的硬件部分進(jìn)行了設(shè)計，包括系統(tǒng)的電器原理圖、控制柜原件布置等。第一部分對PCB數(shù)控鉆床的產(chǎn)生背景、工作原理、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和我國目前存在的問題進(jìn)行了分析。第二部分對系統(tǒng)總體方案進(jìn)行了設(shè)計。第三部分詳細(xì)說明了伺服電機(jī)、驅(qū)動器、運(yùn)動控制卡、變頻器等進(jìn)行了選擇設(shè)計、硬件連接和工作原理。第四部分對系統(tǒng)軟件簡要設(shè)計。
本文的PCB板數(shù)控鉆床的進(jìn)給軸采用半閉環(huán)交流伺服驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)，主軸采用變頻器進(jìn)行驅(qū)動，精度大大提高，成本大大降低。還對PCB板數(shù)控鉆床硬件平臺進(jìn)行了分析，確立了以“運(yùn)動控制卡+PC機(jī)”的體系結(jié)構(gòu)作為三維四軸PCB板鉆床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的硬件平臺，大大的提高了的信息處理能力。

關(guān)鍵詞：PCB，數(shù)控鉆床，半閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)，運(yùn)動控制卡

ABSTRACT

With the more development of global information and the more application of microelectronic technology, IC product in our country is dramatically increasing, which enlarges the market of Print Circuit Board (PCB) production and demand the high rate and quality of the PCB production. On the other hand, it is relatively lagging of PCB milling machine as one of basilica device to produce PCB in china, but the price of the counterpart in oversea is too expensive for Chinese company to produce PCB. So it is market demand to develop the numerical control milling machine for PCB with proper price and high performance.
My groundwork is to moving the design which prints the part of the numerical control drilling machine hardware of the board only, including system's electric appliance schematic diagram, control cubicle original part arrangement and so on. The first part the question which to the PCB numerical control drilling machine's production background, the principle of work, the development condition and our country existed at present has carried on the analysis. The second part has carried on the design to the system overall concept. The third part explained in detail the servo electrical machinery, the driver, the movement control card, the frequency changer and so on have carried on the choice design, the hardware connection and the principle of work. The fourth part designs briefly to the system software.
The numerical control drill press of this design adopts half closed loop control system and AC servo drive system, the precision enhances greatly, the cost reduces greatly. On the basis of analysis to hardware system platform, “motion controller card + PC” system architecture is employed as the hardware system platform of the CNC system of the 3A-4S milling machine for PCB, Greatly increased the information processing capability.

Key words: PCB, numerical control drilling machine, half closed-loop control system, motion controller card

目   錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
1.1 PCB數(shù)控鉆床的產(chǎn)生背景及工作原理 1
1.1.1 PCB數(shù)控鉆床的產(chǎn)生背景 1
    1.1.2 PCB數(shù)控鉆床的基本工作原理 1
1.1.3 數(shù)控鉆床加工及運(yùn)動分析 1
1.2 PCB數(shù)控鉆床的現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展方向及存在的主要問題分析 2
1.2.1 國內(nèi)外PCB數(shù)控鉆床的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2 PCB數(shù)控鉆床的主要發(fā)展方向 2
1.2.3 我國PCB數(shù)控鉆床發(fā)展面臨的主要問題 5
 2總體設(shè)計 6
   2.1 計算機(jī)硬件系統(tǒng)選擇 6
  2.2 進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)選擇 6
     2.2.1 開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng) 6
     2.2.2 半閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng) 6
     2.2.3 閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng) 7
2.2.4 伺服系統(tǒng)傳動裝置的選擇 7
 2.3 總體設(shè)計方案 8
  2.4 輸入輸出量設(shè)計 10
3硬件系統(tǒng)選型及設(shè)計 12
3.1 伺服電機(jī)的選擇設(shè)計 12
3.2 伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動器的選擇設(shè)計 13
3.3 運(yùn)動控制的選擇設(shè)計 15
3.3.1 MPC02軟硬件簡介 15
    3.3.2 MPC02的結(jié)構(gòu) 16
    3.3.3 MPC02的技術(shù)特性 16
3.3.4 MPC02有關(guān)端口介紹及接線方法 17
3.4 主軸電機(jī)的選擇 18
  3.5 變頻器的選擇設(shè)計 18
  3.6 輸入卡和輸出卡的選擇設(shè)計 21
3.6.1 輸入卡PCL-733簡介 21
3.6.2 輸出卡PCL-734簡介 22
    3.6.3 輸入輸出卡的接線及其原理 22
3.7 其它輔助元件的選擇設(shè)計 24
3.7.1 主軸夾嘴和壓腳的控制設(shè)計 24
    3.7.2 冷卻電機(jī)和吸塵電機(jī)的選擇 25
4控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 26
4.1 軟件開發(fā)平臺選擇 26
4.1.1 操作系統(tǒng)選擇 26
4.1.2 軟件開發(fā)工具 27
4.2 系統(tǒng)功能原理簡介 27
4.3 對軟件的簡要設(shè)計 28
5結(jié)論 31
致謝 32
參考文獻(xiàn) 33