甲醇水分離塔設(shè)計

摘要  篩板塔是傳質(zhì)過程常用的塔設(shè)備，它的主要優(yōu)點有：⑴ 結(jié)構(gòu)比浮閥塔更簡單，易于加工，造價約為泡罩塔的60％，為浮閥塔的80％左右。 ⑵ 處理能力大，比同塔徑的泡罩塔可增加10～15％。 ⑶ 塔板效率高，比泡罩塔高15％左右。⑷ 壓降較低，每板壓力比泡罩塔約低30％左右。雖然篩板塔有： ⑴ 塔板安裝的水平度要求較高，否則氣液接觸不勻。 ⑵ 操作彈性較小(約2～3)。⑶ 小孔篩板容易堵塞等缺點。但它由于具有前述的一些優(yōu)點，因而在化工，石油，能源等行業(yè)的應(yīng)用中仍處于板式塔應(yīng)用的主導(dǎo)地位。本次論文以介質(zhì)的性質(zhì)、溫度和壓強，以及公稱直徑和當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境為設(shè)計條件，綜合考慮各方面的因素選定板式篩板塔，具體步驟主要包括殼體、封頭壁厚的設(shè)計與較核，基礎(chǔ)環(huán)板，裙座等零部件的設(shè)計，同時結(jié)合所選定的材料和工作環(huán)境制定相應(yīng)的焊接工藝和制作、組裝和加工工藝。

關(guān)鍵詞  篩板塔；塔盤；降液管

Abstract
 The sieve-plate column is commonly used in mass transfer tower equipment, its main advantages: ⑴ structural valve tower more than a simple, easy processing, and cost about 60% of bubble tower, tower float valve for about 80% . ⑵ processing capacity, than the diameter of the blister with tower  10 ~ 15% increase. ⑶ tray efficiency higher than that Blister tower about 15% higher. ⑷ lower pressure drop per plate bubble tower pressure than about 30%. Although the sieve-plate column are: ⑴ tray installation require a higher degree level, or gas-liquid contact with uneven. Operating flexibility ⑵ small (about 2 ~ 3). ⑶ small plate, such as easy to plug the shortcomings. But it is because of some of the advantages mentioned above, which in the chemical, petroleum, energy and other industries are still in the application of the application tray column dominance. The thesis of the nature of media, temperature and pressure, as well as the nominal diameter for the design of the natural environment and local conditions, concrete steps to include the shell, head of design and wall thickness more nuclear, based on the Central board, and other parts of the skirt design, combined with selected materials and the working environment to develop the corresponding welding technology and production, assembly and processing technology.

Key words   sieve-plate column; tray; downcomer

目錄
甲醇水分離塔設(shè)計………………………………………………….I
摘要 I
關(guān)鍵詞 I
Abstract II
目錄………………………………………………………………..III
第一章   概述……………………………………………………..1
1.1板式精餾塔的簡介……………………………………………..1
1.2板式精餾技術(shù)及發(fā)展 4
第二章 塔結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計……………………………………………...5
2.1塔設(shè)計內(nèi)容 5
2.1.1設(shè)計參數(shù)………………………………………………………5
2.1.2塔結(jié)構(gòu)簡圖……………………………………………………5
2.2主體材料強度指標(biāo) 7
2.3筒體、封頭壁厚確定 7
2.3.1筒體厚度計算 7
2.3.2封頭厚度計算 7
2.4塔體上各項載荷計算 8
2.4.1塔質(zhì)量 8
2.4.2風(fēng)載荷和風(fēng)彎矩計算 9
2.4.3地震力及地震彎矩計算 11
2.4.4最大彎矩 13
2.5塔體的強度及軸向穩(wěn)定性驗算 14
2.5.1塔體2-2截面的各項軸向應(yīng)力計算 14
2.5.2塔體2-2截面抗壓強度及軸向穩(wěn)定性驗算 14
2.6裙座的強度及穩(wěn)定性校核 15
2.6.1裙座底部0-0截面軸向應(yīng)力計算 15
2.6.2裙座檢查孔1-1截面強度校核 15
2.6.3裙座焊縫強度校核 16
2.7壓試驗時塔的強度和穩(wěn)定性驗算 16
2.7.1水壓試驗時塔體2-2截面的強度校核 16
2.7.2水壓試驗時裙座底部0-0截面的強度和軸向穩(wěn)定性校核 17
2.8基礎(chǔ)環(huán)板設(shè)計 17
2.8.1基礎(chǔ)環(huán)板內(nèi)外徑的確定 17
2.8.2混泥土強度校核 17
2.8.3基礎(chǔ)環(huán)板厚度設(shè)計 18
2.8.4地腳螺栓的設(shè)計 19
2.8.5筋板的設(shè)計與計算 20
2.8.6蓋板的設(shè)計和計算 21
2.9開孔及開孔補強 22
2.9.1工藝水進口N03開孔及開孔補強 22
2.9.2貧甲醇進口N07開孔及開孔補強 24
2.9.3工藝水出口N02開孔及開孔補強 26
2.9.4人孔開孔及其開孔補強 28
2.10接管和法蘭的選用 31
第三章 甲醇水分離塔輔助裝置以及附件………………………32
3.1回流冷凝器 32
3.1.1整體式 32
3.1.2自流式 32
3.1.3強制循環(huán)式 33
3.2管殼式換熱器的設(shè)計與選型 33
3.2.1流體流動阻力（壓強降）的計算 33
3.2.2管殼式換熱器的選型 34
3.3再沸器 35
3.4加熱蒸氣鼓泡管 36
3.5離心泵的選擇 37
第四章 塔設(shè)備的制造、安裝…………………………………….38
4.1制造要求 38
4.2組裝要求 38
4.3焊接及其特點 39
4.4熱處理 40
4.5大型塔設(shè)備的安裝 40
設(shè)計總結(jié)…………………………………………………………..42
致謝………………………………………………………………..44
參考文獻…………………………………………………………..45
附錄I  主要符號說明……………………………………………46