160t桁架式門式起重機(jī)橋架設(shè)計(jì)研究（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）

摘    要

龍門起重機(jī)廣泛使用于工廠，港口等場所，它的使用改善提高了裝卸作業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。龍門起重機(jī)的剛度強(qiáng)度是保證起重機(jī)正常安全工作的重要條件。
龍門起重機(jī)的傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法多采用半理論、半經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法，設(shè)計(jì)過程反復(fù)多，設(shè)計(jì)的精度差，產(chǎn)品缺乏競爭力。當(dāng)今社會(huì)，科技日新月異，計(jì)算機(jī)軟件技術(shù)得到了很大的發(fā)展，將工程結(jié)構(gòu)分析軟件用于產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)、設(shè)計(jì)、分析與制造，已成為近代工業(yè)提升競爭力的主要方法。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程(CAE)主要是用來輔助工程師作設(shè)計(jì)后的分析或進(jìn)行同步工程。CAE的技術(shù)種類很多，其中包括有限元法(Finite Element Method；FEM)、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)等。
本設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)用ANSYS軟件建立桁架式龍門起重機(jī)三維模型，并用ANSYS軟件對起重機(jī)進(jìn)行不同工況下的有限元分析，得到起重機(jī)的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變大小及其分布狀況，其結(jié)果與傳統(tǒng)力學(xué)計(jì)算方法結(jié)果一致。分析表明，起重機(jī)的有限元分析，是科學(xué)了解起重機(jī)在復(fù)雜載荷下的應(yīng)力大小及分布狀況的一種有效手段，可以極大地縮短產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)周期，提高產(chǎn)品的市場競爭力。

關(guān)鍵詞：桁架式龍門起重機(jī),計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì),有限元分析,ANSYS軟件

ABSTRACT

Gantry cranes are widely used in factories, ports and other places，and its using improves the capability of handling operations and productivity. To guarantee gantry cranes working under the normal and security conditions, the stiffness and strength of Gantry cranes are two of the most important conditions.
The traditional design methods of gantry cranes are semi-theory, semi-empirical design methods, and the design process is repeated, so design has poor accuracy, and the products are competitiveness. Nowadays, science and technology are developing rapidly, and computer software technology has great development, too. Structural engineering analysis software is now used for product development, design, analysis and manufacturing, which has become a main method for modern industrial to upgrade the competitiveness. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is used mainly to support the design engineers for analysis or sync works. CAE are many types of technology, including the finite element method (Finite Element Method; FEM), and optimizing design.
   In this paper, it uses the ANSYS software to build the three-dimensional model of gantry cranes, and to do some finite element analysis under different working conditions, so the stress and strain distribution can be showed, which are according with the traditional mechanical calculation results. Analysis shows that the crane's finite element analysis is an effective means of understanding the stress and strain distribution of gantry crane working under complex load condition scientifically, and it can greatly shorten the production cycle and improve the market competitiveness of products.

Key words： Truss gantry cranes, computer-aided design, finite element analysis,   ANSYS software

目   錄

摘    要 I
ABSTRACT II
1  緒論 1
1.1 課題的目的及意義 1
1.1.1 龍門起重機(jī)簡介 1
1.1.2課題的目的和意義 1
1.1.3國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.1.4 設(shè)計(jì)方案比較 4
1.1.5選型分析 4
1.2課題任務(wù)、重點(diǎn)研究內(nèi)容、實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑 5
1.2.1課題任務(wù)、重點(diǎn)研究內(nèi)容 5
1.2.2實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑 5
2  雙梁雙小車桁架式龍門起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 7
2.1 龍門起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.2 本章小結(jié) 15
3  有限元方法以及ANSYS軟件 16
3.1 有限元方法 16
3.1.1 有限元的基本概念和原理 16
3.1.2有限單元法的計(jì)算思路 16
3.1.3有限單元法的優(yōu)越性與局限性 18
3.2 ANSYS軟件簡介 19
3.2.1 ANSYS基本概念 19
3.2.2 ANSYS軟件特點(diǎn) 19
3.3 本章小結(jié) 21
4  桁架式龍門起重機(jī)的三維建模 22
4.1 建模思想簡介 22
4.2龍門起重機(jī)的三維建模 22
4.2.1 建模參數(shù)設(shè)定 22
4.2.2 建模過程 26
5  桁架式龍門起重機(jī)的邊界約束，重力以及風(fēng)載荷計(jì)算 30
5.1 邊界約束 30
5.1.1 邊界約束條件分析 30
5.1.2 邊界約束條件的施加 30
5.2 重力的計(jì)算 32
5.2.1 重力的施加 32
5.2.2 重力計(jì)算結(jié)果 32
5.2.3 重力引起的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變 33
5.3 風(fēng)載荷 34
5.3.1 風(fēng)載荷的計(jì)算 34
5.3.2 風(fēng)載荷和重力引起的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變 36
5.4 本章小結(jié) 38
6桁架式龍門起重機(jī)的工況分析 39
6.1工況1的強(qiáng)度剛度分析 39
6.1.1 應(yīng)力應(yīng)變圖 39
6.1.2 設(shè)計(jì)校核 41
6.2工況2的強(qiáng)度剛度分析 41
6.2.1 應(yīng)力應(yīng)變圖 41
6.2.2 設(shè)計(jì)校核 43
6.3工況3的強(qiáng)度剛度分析 43
6.3.1 應(yīng)力應(yīng)變圖 43
6.3.2 設(shè)計(jì)校核 45
6.4工況4的強(qiáng)度剛度分析 45
6.4.1 應(yīng)力應(yīng)變圖 45
6.4.2 設(shè)計(jì)校核 47
6.5任意位置的強(qiáng)度剛度分析 47
6.5.1 應(yīng)力應(yīng)變圖 47
6.5.2 設(shè)計(jì)校核 49
6.6 本章小結(jié) 49
7  結(jié)論 50
致    謝 51
參考文獻(xiàn) 52