2000KN單動液壓機(jī)活動橫梁結(jié)構(gòu)分析及優(yōu)化設(shè)計

摘 要
液壓機(jī)活動橫梁是液壓機(jī)主體結(jié)構(gòu)的一個重要部件，它不僅自身較重，還起著承受工作缸和液壓力的作用，因此，活動橫梁的強(qiáng)度對整個液壓機(jī)的性能和安全有著很大影響。
在傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方法，設(shè)計計算的過程很復(fù)雜，設(shè)計速度較慢，并且容易出錯。隨著計算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，計算機(jī)軟件技術(shù)也得到了很大的發(fā)展，將工程結(jié)構(gòu)分析軟件用于產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)、設(shè)計、分析和制造，已成為近代工業(yè)提升競爭力的主要方法。
本文采用有限元分析軟件ANSYS9.0對2000KN液壓機(jī)活動橫梁進(jìn)行了靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)分析計算及結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。將活動橫梁的工作狀況簡化為三個主要的工況：對心受壓、沿活動橫梁長度方向的偏載和寬度方向偏載，建立了三維活動橫梁靜態(tài)有限元模型，通過有限元計算，得到了靜態(tài)載荷下橫梁的應(yīng)力和位移分布，從中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)原橫梁結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計得較保守，所用材料有較大的富余，從而造成橫梁結(jié)構(gòu)的笨重及材料的浪費。
在對橫梁結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行有限元計算的基礎(chǔ)上，采用經(jīng)驗的優(yōu)化方法來調(diào)整活動橫梁尺寸，對鑄造結(jié)構(gòu)板厚、肋板等做反復(fù)試算，達(dá)到降低材料消耗和減輕重量的目的。與此同時所受應(yīng)力更合理且最大位移在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)。
通過這些計算及優(yōu)化過程表明有限元方法對液壓機(jī)新結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計提供了強(qiáng)有力的工具。

關(guān)鍵詞： 液壓機(jī)，有限元，結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，活動橫梁
 
ABSTRACT
The adjustable cross-beam is an important part of the hydraulic machine. It not only has heavy weight itself, but also bears the acting force from the working vat and hydraulic power. So it is large influent to the capability and safety of the whole hydraulic machine that the intensity of the adjustable crossbeam.
In the traditional design method, the cause of design is very complex and the speed of design is slow comparatively, and it is easy to make mistakes. Along with the computer technology’s development, computer software technology have also gotten great development. Project structure analysis software is used in production, design, analysis and the development of product. It has become the major method to promote the modern industrial’s competition ability.
In this paper, we use ANSYS9.0 which is a finite element analysis software to calculate and analysis 2000 KN activities hydraulic beams structural in the static state and structural optimization. Activities of the beams will be reduced to the status of the work of the three main conditions: being contained, activities along the length of the beams are partial and biased set width. We establish the static 3-D finite element model of activities beams, and get the static the stress and displacement distribution of the beams through the finite element analysis in the static stat, and we can find in the more conservative design in the original structure, and the materials which is used is  a greater surplus, so resulting in heavy beams of the structure and material waste.
In order to reduce material consumption and reduce the weight, the researcher takes the experienced optimized methods to adjust the activities of the beams size and repeatedly calculates the structure casting thickness, rib plate and so forth on the basis of the limited element analysis to the beams’ structure. At the same time, the suffered stress should be reasonable and the largest displacement should be within the prescriptive provisions.
These calculations and optimized processes show that the finite element method provides a powerful tool for design of the new hydraulic structure.

Key words: Hydraulic pressure; FE method; Structure optimization; activities beams.

 
目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1  緒 論 1
1.1 選題的目的與意義 1
1.2 國內(nèi)外液壓機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢 1
1.2.1 概述 1
1.2.2 國外液壓機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.3 國內(nèi)液壓機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.4 液壓機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢 3
1.3 機(jī)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法 4
1.3.1 傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法 4
1.3.2 現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法 4
1.4 本課題研究的主要內(nèi)容 5
2  液壓機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)有限元分析的理論基礎(chǔ) 7
2.1 液壓機(jī)的基本參數(shù)及結(jié)構(gòu)特點 7
2.1.1 液壓機(jī)基本參數(shù) 7
2.1.2 液壓機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)及特點 8
2.2 有限元法 9
2.2.1 有限元法概述 9
2.2.2 有限元方法的解題步驟 9
2.3 計算機(jī)軟件的選擇 10
2.4 本章小結(jié) 10
3  液壓機(jī)活動橫梁結(jié)構(gòu)的模型建立 11
3.1 建模方法的選擇 11
3.2 模型的簡化 11
3.3 活動橫梁實體模型的建立 11
3.4 活動橫梁有限元模型的建立 23
3.4.1 單元的選取 23
3.4.2材料的選取 23
3.5 本章小結(jié) 24
4  活動橫梁的有限元分析 25
4.1 液壓機(jī)活動橫梁的受力分析 25
4.2 加載與邊界條件的確定 26
4.2.1 加載 26
4.2.2 邊界條件的確定 26
4.3 活動橫梁有限元計算的應(yīng)力結(jié)果分析 26
4.3.1 工況一：對心受壓 27
4.3.2 工況二：X方向偏載 31
4.3.3 工況三：Y方向偏載 33
4.4 活動橫梁有限元的位移結(jié)構(gòu)分析 36
4.4.1 工況一 36
4.4.2 工況二 40
4.4.3 工況三 41
4.5 活動橫梁的體積計算 43
4.6 本章小結(jié) 44
5  活動橫梁結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化 45
5.1 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方法的選取 45
5.2 活動橫梁結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化 45
5.3 本章小結(jié) 55
6  結(jié) 論 56
參考文獻(xiàn) 57