船用齒輪箱傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)及優(yōu)化（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）
摘 要

少齒差減速器是一種新型減速器。它具有傳動(dòng)比大、體積小、重量輕、承載能力高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，符合現(xiàn)代機(jī)械的發(fā)展要求，在國(guó)防、冶金、起重、運(yùn)輸?shù)葯C(jī)械中有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
當(dāng)前有多種少齒差減速器設(shè)計(jì)制造出來(lái)，但是已有的方案大多存在結(jié)構(gòu)和工藝復(fù)雜、加工制造成本高、高速重載下振動(dòng)噪聲大等問(wèn)題，影響了這種減速器的廣泛應(yīng)用。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題，依據(jù)少齒差傳動(dòng)原理，在現(xiàn)存方案的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，提出一種新型的減速器設(shè)計(jì)方案。新的方案中傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)分為兩級(jí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)功率分流，得到較大的傳動(dòng)比。第一級(jí)采用圓柱齒輪外嚙合傳動(dòng)，同時(shí)將動(dòng)力傳遞到偏心軸上；第二級(jí)為少齒差傳動(dòng)，采用一對(duì)偏心軸和一對(duì)外齒環(huán)板對(duì)稱布置，偏心軸的偏心段推動(dòng)外齒輪與內(nèi)齒圈嚙合。該設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)上大大簡(jiǎn)化，并且易于實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)平衡。整個(gè)減速器的主要零件均為回轉(zhuǎn)體，齒輪為常用的漸開(kāi)線齒輪，容易加工。輸入輸出軸在同一直線上，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，安裝使用方便。
本文的主要內(nèi)容：依據(jù)少齒差傳動(dòng)的基本原理，對(duì)現(xiàn)有的少齒差減速器進(jìn)行改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，提出新的設(shè)計(jì)方案，對(duì)新方案中的零件進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和強(qiáng)度校核。然后利用三維設(shè)計(jì)軟件SolidWorks建立零件的三維模型,進(jìn)行虛擬裝配，并得到主要零件的工程圖。


關(guān)鍵詞：漸開(kāi)線齒輪，少齒差傳動(dòng)，減速器，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，三維模型，虛擬裝配

ABSTRACT

Gear reducer with small teeth number difference is new-type with features as large driving ratio ,compact configuration ,low weight and great loading capacity as well as high driving efficiency ,which is up to latter-day machine . Rresultingly it will have a well application in the field of national defence , metallurgy ,lift ,traffic and so on.
Currently several kinds of reducer with small teeth number difference have been designed and manufactured ,some of which have been employed in practice .However ,it is also found that most of them have disadvantages such as complex configuration and craftwork ,high cost of manufacturing ,gear noise and vibration in high velocity and over loading ,that foreclose its application .In this situation according to the theory of driving with small teeth number difference ,a new mend design of reducer basing on existent blue print is put forward .The improvement that driving system is designed as two stages attains good power distribution and high transmission ratio .External cylindrical gear engage in first stage that drive the eccentric axle. The driving with small teeth number difference has a pair of eccentric axle and a pair of external gear which are Symmetrical layout ,that makes configuration greatly predigested and it easy to get dynamic balance .Most of accessories in the reducer are revolution object and common involute gear that are easily manufactured .Input axle and output axle at the same line makes configuration compact and easy to set and use .
The content talked about in this paper is as follow: Aaccording to the theory of driving with small teeth number difference ,a new mend design of reducer basing on existent blue print is put forward .Set parameters of the accessories and calculate validity of local strength .And then with the help of 3-D design software SolidWorks ,obtain 3-D models of accessories and finish virtual assembly .Finally draw engineering blueprint of central accessories .


Key words : involute gear ,driving with small teeth number difference ,gear reducer , structure design , 3-D model ,virtual assembly .


目 錄

摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 緒論 1
1.1 少齒差行星傳動(dòng)的概念 1
1.2 少齒差減速器的類型 1
1.3 少齒差減速器的特點(diǎn) 2
1.4 少齒差傳動(dòng)比的計(jì)算 2
1.5少齒差傳動(dòng)的研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.6 研究新型漸開(kāi)線少齒差減速器的意義 5
2 減速器的總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.1 設(shè)計(jì)要求 7
2.2總體傳動(dòng)方案設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.3 電機(jī)的選擇及各級(jí)傳動(dòng)參數(shù)的分配計(jì)算 8
2.3.1 電機(jī)的選取 8
2.3.2 傳動(dòng)比的分配 8
2.3.3 各級(jí)傳動(dòng)參數(shù)的計(jì)算 8
3 減速器傳動(dòng)齒輪副的設(shè)計(jì) 9
3.1第一級(jí)外嚙合齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 9
3.1.1 齒輪材料的選取 9
3.1.2 按齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度初步設(shè)計(jì) 9
3.1.3 驗(yàn)算齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度 10
3.1.4 驗(yàn)算齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度 12
3.1.5 確定齒輪參數(shù)和主要尺寸 13
3.1.6 確定齒輪制造精度 13
3.2 第二級(jí)少齒差傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.2.1 齒輪齒數(shù)和精度 14
3.2.2 少齒差傳動(dòng)齒輪副的干涉及參數(shù)限制 14
3.2.3 變位系數(shù)和齒頂高系數(shù)的確定 18
3.2.4 插齒刀的選取與干涉檢查 22
3.2.5 少齒差傳動(dòng)齒輪強(qiáng)度校核 23

3.2.6少齒差傳動(dòng)齒輪參數(shù)的確定 25
4 軸類零件的設(shè)計(jì) 26
4.1 偏心軸的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 26
4.1.1 軸材料的選擇 26
4.1.2按扭矩初估軸的最小直徑 26
4.1.3軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 26
4.1.4軸的受力分析 27
4.1.5 軸的強(qiáng)度校核 30
4.1.6鍵聯(lián)接的強(qiáng)度校核 32
4.2 輸入軸的設(shè)計(jì) 32
4.2.1 軸材料的選取 32
4.2.2 按扭矩初估最小直徑 32
4.2.3 聯(lián)軸器的選擇 33
4.3 輸出軸的設(shè)計(jì) 33
4.3.1 軸的材料的選取 33
4.3.2 確定軸的最小直徑 33
4.3.3 輸出軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 34
4.4 軸承的壽命 34
5 三維模型的建立和虛擬裝配 36
5.1 SOLIDWORKS軟件 36
5.2 各零件三維模型的建立 36
5.3 零件的虛擬裝配 38
5.4 工程圖紙 39
6 總結(jié) 40
致謝 41
參考文獻(xiàn) 42