旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障專家?guī)斓脑O(shè)計(jì)（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）
摘 要

旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械是工業(yè)部門中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的一類機(jī)械設(shè)備，由于各種原因引發(fā)的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障會(huì)對(duì)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行帶來影響，甚至危害人身安全。對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障做出及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的診斷具有重要的意義。專家系統(tǒng)是人工智能領(lǐng)域的重要研究方向，旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷專家?guī)焓悄M人類專家對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障進(jìn)行診斷的智能計(jì)算機(jī)程序。
本論文主要包括以下兩方面的內(nèi)容：
第一，概述了旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷的研究背景與意義以及診斷技術(shù)的發(fā)展。分析總結(jié)了旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械包括轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)和齒輪箱系統(tǒng)典型故障的機(jī)理和特征，如轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡、轉(zhuǎn)子彎曲、轉(zhuǎn)子不對(duì)中、齒形誤差、裂紋齒及斷齒等故障。研究故障特征提取方法，包括傳感器的選用、信號(hào)預(yù)處理、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換及信號(hào)分析等。
第二，介紹了專家系統(tǒng)的基本內(nèi)容，重點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了一種旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷專家?guī)?。該系統(tǒng)是基于規(guī)則的專家系統(tǒng)，由已分析得知的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障振動(dòng)信號(hào)的頻譜特征，根據(jù)由故障診斷專家的知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換過來的規(guī)則，診斷出故障類型。論文最后通過兩個(gè)診斷實(shí)例說明旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷的基本方法。


關(guān)鍵詞：旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械，特征，專家系統(tǒng)，知識(shí)庫，推理機(jī)

ABSTRACT

Rotating machine is a class of mechanical equipment most widely used in the industrial sector; the fault caused on the rotating machine by various reasons will effect the production, or even endanger their personal safety. To make a timely and accurate diagnosis for the rotating machine fault is of great significance. Expert system is an important study direction in the field of artificial intelligence. Expert system for fault diagnosis of rotating machine is an intelligent computer program simulating human expert diagnosis fault on rotating machine.
This paper mainly includes the following two aspects:
First, summarizes the research background and significance of rotating machine fault diagnosis and the development of diagnostic technology. Sums up the mechanism and features of the typical fault of rotating machine includes the rotor system and gear box system, such as rotor imbalance, rotor bending, rotor misalignment, profile error, crack teeth and broken teeth. Study the extraction method of faults feature, including the selection of sensors, signal preprocessing, A/D converter and signal analysis.
Secondly, introduce the basic elements of Expert system .Focus on the design of expert system for fault diagnosis of rotating machine. The system is a rule-based expert system, by the spectrum characteristic of the vibration signals when rotating machine occur faults, according to the rules converted from the knowledge of fault diagnosis experts, diagnoses faults. At the end of the Papers, two diagnosis examples are used to explain the basic faults diagnosis methods of rotating machine.


Key words: Rotating Machine, features, expert system, knowledgebase, reasoning machine


目 錄

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 緒論 1
1.1 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷研究背景與意義 1
1.2 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及趨勢(shì) 2
1.2.1故障診斷技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2故障診斷專家系統(tǒng)研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.3 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 4
1.3 本論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 4
2 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械典型故障分析 5
2.1 轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)典型故障及其特征 5
2.1.1轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡 5
2.1.2轉(zhuǎn)子彎曲 6
2.1.3不對(duì)中 6
2.1.4碰摩 7
2.1.5油膜渦動(dòng) 7
2.2 齒輪箱系統(tǒng)典型故障及其特征 8
2.2.1 齒形誤差 8
2.2.2 裂紋齒 8
2.2.3 斷齒 8
2.2.4 軸承疲勞剝落和點(diǎn)蝕 9
2.2.5 軸不平衡 9
2.2.6 箱體共振 9
2.3 本章小結(jié) 10
3 故障特征提取方法分析 11
3.1 傳感器的選用 11
3.2 信號(hào)預(yù)處理 12
3.2.1 濾波處理 12
3.2.2 信號(hào)放大 13
3.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換 13
3.4 信號(hào)處理方法 13
3.4.1 時(shí)域分析 14
3.4.2 頻域分析 15
3.4.3 時(shí)頻分析 16
3.5 本章小結(jié) 16
4 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷專家?guī)斓脑O(shè)計(jì) 17
4.1 專家系統(tǒng)概述 17
4.1.1 專家系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 17
4.1.2 知識(shí)庫 19
4.1.3 推理機(jī) 20
4.2 知識(shí)庫模塊的設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.2.1 知識(shí)選取 23
4.2.2 知識(shí)表示 25
4.2.3 知識(shí)的實(shí)現(xiàn) 25
4.2.4 知識(shí)獲取 28
4.3 推理機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 29
4.3.1 推理方法 29
4.3.2 控制策略 30
4.4 本章小結(jié) 31
5 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷實(shí)例分析 32
5.1 診斷實(shí)例一 32
5.2 診斷實(shí)例二 33
6 結(jié)論 34
致 謝 35
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 36