摘 要

隨著人們生活水平的提高，人們對鞋的舒適性、美觀有了更高的要求，這就對鞋楦的制造提出了更高的要求。另外，相對于那些從上世紀60年代就開始研究制鞋先進技術的發(fā)達國家，我國的制鞋技術還很落后。為了提高我國制鞋業(yè)在國際上的競爭水平，采用先進的制造技術對傳統(tǒng)制楦方法進行改造也是必須的。將數(shù)控技術應用于鞋楦加工可以大幅提高鞋楦制造的精度、效率和質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定性，而且能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)自動化智能化生產(chǎn)。雖然市場上有很多數(shù)控系統(tǒng)可以選用，但是鞋楦加工具有獨特性，通用的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)或者滿足不了加工要求，或者功能過剩，所以設計一套實用、可靠的刻楦機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
本文首先闡述了鞋楦制造技術的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀，以了解國外的先進技術和發(fā)展趨勢，以及我國在這一領域存在的差距，為研制數(shù)控刻楦機的控制系統(tǒng)作出指引。
本文就數(shù)控加工的基本原理和數(shù)控技術在鞋楦制造中的應用進行了分析，深入研究了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的工作原理、基本結(jié)構(gòu)，描述了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的主要功能。對鞋楦的數(shù)控加工原理和鞋楦數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的功能進行了研究，比較后選用“PC+運動控制卡”的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。控制系統(tǒng)的設計包含硬件設計和軟件設計兩大部分。在硬件設計部分，本文講述了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的選型、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)，介紹了主要元件的選擇，設計了電氣原理圖、互連圖及控制柜體圖。在軟件設計部分，本文分析了控制軟件的功能結(jié)構(gòu)，加工程序的工作原理和自動加工的實現(xiàn)，設計了部分程序和控制軟件界面。


關鍵詞：控制系統(tǒng)，刻楦機，數(shù)字控制，鞋楦，球刀














ABSTRACT

With people's living standard rises, people have higher demands on the comfort and appearance of the shoes, which created a higher demand on the shoe last manufacture. In addition, compared to those developed countries which from the 1960s began to study advanced shoe-making technology, China's shoe-making technology is still very backward. For enhancing the international competitiveness level of our shoe-making industry, the use of advanced manufacturing technologies in last manufacture is very necessary. NC technology will be applied to shoe last processing .It can substantially increase the accuracy of manufacturing shoe last, efficiency and quality of stability. It also can make the manufacture roboticized and intelligentized. Although many CNC systems on the market are optional, but the shoe last processing is unique, General NC systems, or can not satisfy the requirements of the processing, or have excess function. So to design a practical and reliable Last Carving NC system is very neccessary.
This paper described the shoe last manufacturing technology status at home and abroad. It let us learn foreign advanced technology and development trends, and our country's gap in this area. This directs the development of last carving CNC machine control system.
This paper analysis the basic principles of NC and the application in the shoe last manufacture of NC manufacturing technology. It studys the NC system's work principle, basic structure in-depth, and describes the main features of the NC system. The principle of NC last carving and the function of the control system have been studied. Through comparison, "PC + motion control card" system structure is selected. Control system design includes hardware design and software design of two major parts. In some of the hardware design, the paper describes the selection of NC system, the NC system hardware structure, introduces the main components of the selection, and designs the electrical schematics, interconnect map and control tank drawing. In software design part, the paper analyzes the structure of control software functions, the principle of the machining program and automatic processing. It designs part of the control program and control software interface.


Key words: control systems, carved Last machine, NC, shoe last, the ball knife



目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 緒論¬ 1
1.1 鞋楦概述 1
1.2傳統(tǒng)鞋楦制造方法 1
1.2.1手工制楦 1
1.2.2 拷模加工 2
1.3 鞋楦制造國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 2
1.4課題研究的意義 3
1.5課題研究的任務 4
1.6 本章小結(jié) 4
2 鞋楦數(shù)控加工原理 5
2.1 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)概述 5
2.1.1 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的分類 5
2.1.2 計算機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 7
2.1.3 計算機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的工作過程 8
2.1.4 數(shù)控插補的原理和方法 9
2.1.5 刀具補償及管理 12
2.2 鞋楦數(shù)控加工原理 12
2.2.1鞋楦數(shù)控加工方式 12
2.2.2鞋楦數(shù)控加工流程 13
2.2.3數(shù)控系統(tǒng)控制對象 14
2.3本章小結(jié) 14
3 刻楦機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的硬件設計 15
3.1刻楦機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)選型 15
3.2刻楦機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 16
3.3刻楦機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)主要元件 16
3.3.1 PC工控機 17
3.3.2步進電機選擇計算及驅(qū)動器的選擇 17
3.3.3 步進電機控制卡選擇 20
3.3.4 行程限位開關 21
3.4數(shù)控系統(tǒng)電氣模塊的設計 23
3.4.1 電氣控制線路的設計 23
3.4.2 電氣互連圖的設計 24
3.4.3 操作面板的設計 24
3.4.4 控制柜的設計 26
3.5 本章小結(jié) 26
4 刻楦機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的軟件設計 27
4.1 控制軟件的功能結(jié)構(gòu) 27
4.2數(shù)控加工控制程序工作原理 27
4.3 鞋楦自動加工的實現(xiàn) 28
4.4 控制函數(shù)介紹 31
4.5 插補程序設計 32
4.5.1 直線插補原理 32
4.5.2 直線插補程序流程圖 33
4.5.3 直線插補程序 33-br..