摘 要

本文是在國(guó)家“九五”科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目“大型塔式起重機(jī)及其關(guān)鍵配套設(shè)備”獲得重大研究成果這一大背景下提出的。因此，它的針對(duì)性和實(shí)用性強(qiáng)，潛在的社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益大。
文中以QTZ315型塔式起重機(jī)為例，根據(jù)塔式起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范和剛結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算理論，對(duì)塔身結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了深入的受力分析，將塔身看作空間桁架結(jié)構(gòu)從而得到有效的簡(jiǎn)化模型，研究了塔身整體強(qiáng)度、剛度、整體穩(wěn)定性及單肢、腹桿穩(wěn)定性校核過(guò)程中參數(shù)的選擇。
本文針對(duì)以往主要依靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)確定塔身主要參數(shù)的傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法，提出了采用以數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃為理論基礎(chǔ)的最優(yōu)化方法對(duì)塔身進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，該方法是進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的一種有效方法，經(jīng)濟(jì)效果顯著，對(duì)提高設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量有著重大意義。


關(guān)鍵詞：塔式起重機(jī)塔身，結(jié)構(gòu)分析，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃法
















ABSTRACT

The thesis is submitted under this big background that the research project “Large Tower Crane and Its Accordant Technique” has gained significant research production, which is the “95” national major research project of science and technology. Therefore, it has strong practicability and definite purpose, and has greater potential benefit both in the social and economical fields.
In this paper, using the QTZ315 tower crane an example, in line with the tower crane design specification and steel-structure theory, the tower body structure’s further mechanic analysis has been conducted, focusing on the corresponding parameter selection during checking strength, stiffness and stability of the whole tower body, which views the tower body as the trussed construction of space to get the effective simplification model thereby.
Relied the traditional design methods which determine the main parameters of the shaft, this paper submit a theory based on mathematical programming for the optimization of the structural optimization of shaft design. Be method's turn to be that effective method, economic results carrying out one kind that structural optimization designs are notable, have great importance to raising design mass.


Key words： tower crane mast, structural analysis, optimal design, mathematical programming










目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
1.1 國(guó)內(nèi)外塔式起重機(jī)發(fā)展概況 1
1.1.1 國(guó)外塔式起重機(jī)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 1
1.1.2 我國(guó)塔式起重機(jī)發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2 塔式起重機(jī)的組成與類型 3
1.2.1 塔式起重機(jī)的組成 3
1.2.2 塔式起重機(jī)的類型 4
1.3 本課題的研究背景 6
1.4 問(wèn)題的提出及本論文的主要內(nèi)容 6
2 塔身的受力分析 8
2.1 塔身力學(xué)模型的建立 8
2.2 載荷分析 8
3 塔身優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)研究 11
3.1 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)概述 11
3.2 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)學(xué)模型 12
3.2.1 設(shè)計(jì)變量的確定 13
3.2.2 目標(biāo)函數(shù)的制定 15
3.2.3 約束條件的擬定 15
4 QTZ315塔式起重機(jī)塔身結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 20
4.1 QTZ315塔機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 20
4.2 QTZ315獨(dú)立式塔式起重機(jī)塔身優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 20
4.2.1 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)函數(shù)及約束條件的確定 21
4.2.2 優(yōu)化模型的分析與建立 24
4.2.3 優(yōu)化模型的求解 25
5 結(jié)論 27
致謝 28
參考文獻(xiàn) 29
附錄Ⅰ：MATLAB程序代碼 30