摘 要

數(shù)控技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不但給傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)帶來(lái)了革命性的變化，是制造業(yè)成為工業(yè)化的象征，而且隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大，對(duì)許多重要行業(yè)的而發(fā)展起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。在機(jī)械加工領(lǐng)域中，鉆孔與攻絲是一項(xiàng)重要技術(shù)，也是當(dāng)今機(jī)械加工中大有可為的應(yīng)用技術(shù)。螺紋可作為緊固聯(lián)接、管道聯(lián)接的一種聯(lián)接方式、用來(lái)傳遞動(dòng)力、進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)、位移放大和微調(diào)等。因此，螺紋緊固件在各種機(jī)械中的應(yīng)用很廣泛，隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展，螺紋加工量越來(lái)越多，質(zhì)量要求也相應(yīng)提高，傳統(tǒng)的鉆孔、攻絲技術(shù)很難滿足目前的加工需求。如果采用數(shù)控加工不僅可以提高加工精度，還能提高生產(chǎn)效率，降低經(jīng)濟(jì)成本。
將數(shù)控技術(shù)巧妙的運(yùn)用到鉆孔與攻絲，易于實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化。目前市場(chǎng)上的加工中心雖然可以鉆孔，攻絲，但是其成本高，經(jīng)濟(jì)性差，效率低。如果采用傳統(tǒng)鉆床，攻絲機(jī)進(jìn)行鉆孔，攻絲，不僅工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，而且容易出現(xiàn)孔加工錯(cuò)誤，甚至出現(xiàn)漏加工現(xiàn)象。鑒于此種情況，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)出一種“數(shù)控攻絲機(jī)”，專(zhuān)門(mén)用來(lái)鉆孔，攻絲。該數(shù)控攻絲機(jī)具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1、加工精度高。2、生產(chǎn)效率高。3、自動(dòng)化程度高。4、對(duì)加工對(duì)象適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。5、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好。
該數(shù)控攻絲機(jī)用步進(jìn)電機(jī)作為動(dòng)力源，Z軸進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)用絲桿螺母副將旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹本€運(yùn)動(dòng)。換刀部分采用六角轉(zhuǎn)塔自動(dòng)換刀裝置，一次可以安裝六把刀具?？稍谝慌_(tái)機(jī)床上實(shí)現(xiàn)鉆孔與攻絲操作，經(jīng)濟(jì)性好。


關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控技術(shù)，鉆孔，攻絲，數(shù)控攻絲機(jī)
















ABSTRACT

The application of NC technology not only brings revolutionary changes to the traditional manufacturing industry, which prompts the manufacturing sector to become the symbol of industrialization, but also plays a more and more important role in many essential industries, with the continuous development and the expansion of application fields of NC technology. In the field of processing machinery, drilling and tapping is an important technology, as well as a very promising application technology in current processing machinery. Thread can be used as a connection link in fastening connection and pipeline connection, transferring power, feeding movement and displacement, such as zoom in and fine-tuning. Therefore, the screw fasteners have a very wide application in various kinds of machinery. With the development of industry, the number of thread processing is larger and larger, and quality requirements are also improved correspondingly. So the traditional drilling and tapping technology is hard to meet the current demand for processing. The adoption of NC technology can not only improve processing accuracy, but also enhance production efficiency and reduce the economic costs.
The witty application of NC technology to drilling and tapping makes automatization easy. Though the processing centers in the current market can realize drilling and tapping, they are with high cost, low efficiency and poor economic return. If traditional drilling machine and tapping machine are used, it is not only labor-intensive for the workers, but also easy to error-processing, or even leakage in processing. In view of this situation, a “NC tapping machine” is designed to drill and tap specially. This tapping CNC machine has following advantages: 1. high-precision in processing; 2. high production efficiency. 3. high degree of automatization; 4. excellent adaptability to processing target; 5. high economic returns.
The stepper motor is used as the power source of this tapping CNC machine. Z-axis feeding system transforms the rotation into linear motion with screw nut. The hexagonal turret automatic tool changer is used in ATC part, and six knives can be installed once. The operation of drilling and tapping can be realized on one machine tool, which is much more economic.


Key words： NC technology, drilling, tapping, tapping CNC machine


目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 緒論 1
1.1 數(shù)控技術(shù)的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2.1 國(guó)外數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2 國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3 展望未來(lái) 6
1.3.1 性能發(fā)展方向 6
1.3.2 功能發(fā)展方向 7
1.3.3 體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展 8
1.3.4 智能化新一代PCNC數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 9
2 數(shù)控攻絲機(jī)的特點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)及本課題意義 10
2.1 數(shù)控攻絲機(jī)的特點(diǎn) 10
2.2 數(shù)控攻絲機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu) 10
2.3 課題必要性 11
2.3.1 數(shù)控機(jī)床的優(yōu)越性 11
2.3.2 機(jī)床數(shù)控化市場(chǎng)研究 12
2.4 課題意義 13
3 數(shù)控攻絲機(jī)的方案設(shè)計(jì)分析 14
3.1 數(shù)控攻絲機(jī)的加工原理 14
3.2 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的工作原理 14
3.3 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的方案比較和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.3.1 液壓式 15
3.3.2 液壓機(jī)械式 15
3.3.3 電動(dòng)式 15
3.4 主傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 17
4 滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇與校核 19
4.1 滾動(dòng)軸承的類(lèi)型選擇原則 19
4.2 軸承類(lèi)型的選擇 19
4.2.1 按軸承的壽命選擇軸承 19
4.2.2 軸承的基本額定動(dòng)載荷 20
4.2.3 軸承的當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷 20
4.3 角接觸球軸承36107的選擇過(guò)程 20
4.3.1 查有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù) 20
4.3.2 計(jì)算兩軸承的徑向載荷 20
4.3.3 計(jì)算兩軸承的軸向載荷 21
4.3.4 計(jì)算軸承的當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷 21
4.3.5 計(jì)算軸承的基本額定壽命 22
5 結(jié)論 23
致謝 24
參考文獻(xiàn) 25