摘 要

中溫變換爐屬于壓力容器，焊接技術(shù)是壓力容器制造的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。中溫變換爐筒體與接管之間的焊接為異種鋼焊接，筒體材質(zhì)為15CrMoR珠光體耐熱鋼，接管材質(zhì)為0Cr18Ni9，屬于奧氏體不銹鋼，它們?cè)诨瘜W(xué)成分，金相組織，物理性能及力學(xué)性能方面有大的差異。此外，中溫變換爐筒體與接管間的焊縫形式為厚壁管與薄壁管的環(huán)焊縫，接縫焊接拘束度較大，使焊縫質(zhì)量不易保證。因此，在焊接時(shí)必須采用恰當(dāng)?shù)暮附庸に嚕拍鼙ＷC焊接質(zhì)量達(dá)到規(guī)定的要求。
本文通過(guò)對(duì)中溫變換爐焊接結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)分析及異種鋼的焊接性分析基礎(chǔ)之上，設(shè)計(jì)了接縫的焊接工藝。設(shè)計(jì)選用了鎢極氬弧焊打底，焊條電弧焊填充蓋面的焊接方法；并根據(jù)板厚狀況、焊接方法特點(diǎn)和要求，進(jìn)行了坡口設(shè)計(jì)；選擇了合適的焊接材料、制定了合理的焊接工藝參數(shù)。同時(shí)，還制定了焊后熱處理措施，論述了焊接接頭的焊后檢查方法，并針對(duì)中溫變換爐接管焊接接頭的特點(diǎn)選擇了適合可行的檢驗(yàn)方法；既保證了焊接接頭的質(zhì)量，又滿足了中溫變換爐接管的結(jié)構(gòu)功能特點(diǎn)和使用性能要求。


關(guān)鍵詞：壓力容器，中溫變換爐，15CrMoR，0Cr18Ni9，焊接工藝
















ABSTRACT

Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter belong to Pressure Vessels,welding technology is one of key technology to Pressure Vessel’s manufacturing.The welding of Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter’s shell and the metal pipe belong to dissimilar steel welding,shell material is 15CrMoR Pearlite heat-resistant steel,and the metal pipe is 0Cr18Ni9 Austenitic stainless steel,Their chemical composition,microstructure,physical properties and mechanical properties have big differences,Furthermore,the welded joint between Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter's shell and the metal pipe,which is circle weld joint of thick and thin shell of the pipe,Weld joint binding is larger ,It's difficult to guarantee the quality of the weld joint. Therefore,it must take the appropriate welding technology,to pledged to achieve the required welding quality requirements．
This article analyse the Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter welding structural and characteristic,and on the basis of analysis dissimilar steel's weldability,design of the joints of the welding process.The design selected TIG to precoat and manual electric arc welding to fill and cape.According to thickness situation, welding method of characteristics and requirements of a groove design, select the appropriate welding materials, developed a reasonable welding process parameters.At the same time, also developed a heat treatment after welding,the paper dealt examination procedure of soldered joint，and pointing to the character of metal pipe of Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter soldered joint；those secure the quality of soldered joint and this paper advances measures of meet the metal pipe of Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter the structural features and the use of performance requirements．


Key words：Pressure Vessels,Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter, 15CrMoR,0Cr18Ni9, Welding Technology






目 錄
中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
1.1異種鋼焊接 1
1.2異種鋼焊接的主要問(wèn)題 2
1.2.1熔合線區(qū)的碳發(fā)生擴(kuò)散和遷移 2
1.2.2熔合線區(qū)的熱應(yīng)力較大，產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力集中 2
1.2.3易在熔合線區(qū)產(chǎn)生馬氏體 2
1.3 異種鋼焊接接頭的特征 2
1.3.1 化學(xué)成分的不均勻性 3
1.3.2 金屬組織的不均勻性 3
1.3.3 性能的不均勻性 3
1.3.4 應(yīng)力場(chǎng)分布的不均勻性 3
1.4 異種鋼接頭破壞原因分析 3
1.5 本課題研究的內(nèi)容及意義 4
2焊接結(jié)構(gòu)分析 5
2.1 中溫變換爐結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及分析 5
2.2 接口材料焊接性分析 7
2.3 焊縫殘余應(yīng)力的影響 8
2.4 焊接殘余應(yīng)力的調(diào)節(jié)和消除 8
2.5 焊接殘余變形及變形控制 9
2.5.1 殘余變形分類 9
2.5.2 殘余變形分析 10
2.5.3 焊接變形的預(yù)防 10
2.5.4 焊接變形的矯正 10
3 接口材料焊接性分析 11
3.1 焊接性的概念 11
3.2 15CrMoR材料性能及焊接接頭性能要求 11
3.3 15CrMoR鋼材焊接性分析 11
4 焊接工藝設(shè)計(jì) 13
4.1 焊接方法 13
4.1.1 焊條電弧焊 13
4.1.2 鎢極惰性氣體保護(hù)焊 12
4.1.3熔化極氬弧焊 14
4.1.4埋弧自動(dòng)焊 14
4.1.5 焊接方法的確定 14
4.2 焊接設(shè)備的選擇 14
4.3 坡口形式 17
4.3.1常見(jiàn)的坡口型式 18
4.3.2坡口形式的確定 20
4.4 焊接材料的選擇 21
4.5 焊前熱處理措施及工藝參數(shù) 22
4.5.1 焊前熱處理措施 22
4.5.2 鎢極氬弧焊（TIG）工藝及參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) 23
4.5.3 焊條電弧焊工藝及參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) 25
5 焊后熱處理 27
6 焊后焊縫質(zhì)量的檢驗(yàn) 28
7 結(jié)論 29
參考文獻(xiàn) 30