摘 要

　　　公正是社會(huì)追求的最終目的，也是司法的生命所在，而量刑公正則是司法公正的靈魂所在。量刑公正問題無論在國(guó)內(nèi)還是在國(guó)外都備受矚目。在中國(guó)法治建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化迅速發(fā)展的歷史進(jìn)程中，正確、恰當(dāng)?shù)牧啃虒?duì)于法律，尤其是刑法任務(wù)的完成、立法者思想的體現(xiàn)、統(tǒng)治秩序的維護(hù)、社會(huì)公平正義的實(shí)現(xiàn)等都具有重要意義。

　　　但是，就像世界上不存在兩片相同的樹葉一樣，每一個(gè)案例也都有其產(chǎn)生的獨(dú)特性、情節(jié)的特殊性。對(duì)于法律條文的設(shè)定，我國(guó)一向秉持“寧粗勿細(xì)”的原則，這種原則雖然有助于保證多數(shù)情況下法律的實(shí)施，但卻造成了我國(guó)法律條文規(guī)定過于簡(jiǎn)略和原則化，致使量刑幅度較寬，量刑彈性較大，無法從具體行為的操作上保證量刑幅度的統(tǒng)一，因此，量刑公正阻卻問題必然存在。這給社會(huì)的和諧穩(wěn)定、公平正義的實(shí)現(xiàn)埋下了極大的隱患。量刑公正阻卻問題也成了許多學(xué)者、專家、民眾進(jìn)行探討、議論的課題和話題。

　　　造成量刑公正阻卻的原因是多方面的，既有法律制度本身的原因，也有量刑主體方面的原因；既有社會(huì)環(huán)境影響的原因，也有案例存在差異性與特殊性的原因。但無論是何種原因，最終都可以歸結(jié)為人的原因，畢竟，法律是由人來制定和執(zhí)行的，體現(xiàn)的是人的思想和行為；社會(huì)環(huán)境也是由人組成、維持和影響的。這一切活動(dòng)始終都離不開人這個(gè)主體。因此，量刑不公現(xiàn)象的存在，最終的原因還是在于人，即量刑不公的核心與實(shí)質(zhì)在于倫理原因——情、理、法三者無法和諧統(tǒng)一相處而產(chǎn)生的倫理矛盾造成的。

　　　解鈴還須系鈴人。量刑不公問題的最終出路必須依賴人的問題的解決，而人的問題的解決關(guān)鍵在于解決倫理問題。因此，必須首先從法律制度倫理的設(shè)計(jì)上入手，從源頭上保證公正——程序公正；其次，提升量刑主體的德性修養(yǎng)并加強(qiáng)對(duì)其道德的監(jiān)督，從實(shí)質(zhì)上保證公正——實(shí)體公正；最后，改善社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)量刑公正的影響，從外部、內(nèi)部同時(shí)著手，從而使情、理、法三者的關(guān)系得到正確而有效的處理，從而確保量刑公正的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

　　　

關(guān)鍵詞：量刑，量刑公正，量刑主體，倫理困境，公正阻卻

ABSTRACT

　　Social justice is the ultimate meaning, is also pursuing judicial life place, and sentencing justice is judicial justice soul. Sentencing fair question whether in China or abroad caught everyone's eye. Rule of law in China of the rapid development of the construction of modern history, correct and appropriate and reasonable sentencing for the implementation of the law, especially the criminal law and legal thought the task, lawmakers reflect, ruling order maintenance, the realization of social justice has important significance. 

　　But, as the world does not exist, like two same leaves each case also has its hair produces uniqueness, plot particularity. The setting for laws, China has always adhered "rather coarse without overcharging" principle, this principle although help ensure most cases law enforcement, but caused our laws principles and excessive curtness of regulations, leaving sentencing range wider, sentencing is larger, from concrete elastic unable to guarantee the unity of sentencing range, sentencing justice resistance but problem exists. This gives social harmony and stability, and the realization of justice buried a greatly hidden trouble. Sentencing justice resistance but also became many scholars, experts, and discusses the public, the discussion topics, topic. 

　　Cause sentencing justice resistance but reason is various, both legal system, also have the reason of itself of the main reasons; sentencing Both the social environment of reason, also have case exists difference and particularity reasons. Whatever the reason, finally all can be attributed to the behavior of reason, after all, the law is to formulate and implement by, reflects the people's thoughts and behaviors; Social environment is composed by people, maintain and influence. All these activities always is inseparable from the people this subject. Therefore, the massive existence of sentencing unfairness, the final reason lies in person, namely the core and essence of the sentencing injustice is ethical reasons - affection, the principle, the law cannot get harmonious unity among the ethical conflicts caused cause. 

　　Should end it, who tied the bell on the ultimate way sentencing injustice of ethics must be dependent on the solution of the problem. Must first from the legal system, the design of ethics from the source guarantee fair - procedural justice; Secondly, promote the sentencing subject to its moral accomplishment and strengthen moral supervision, from essentially guarantee fair - entity justice; Finally, improve social environment, the influence of sentencing justice from external, internal also begin, thus make affection, the relationship between principle, the method of get the correct and effective treatment, so as to ensure the realization of sentencing justice. 

　　　　

KER WORDS:  sentencing,sentencing fairness,Sentencing subject,An ethical dilemma,Justice resistance 

目 錄

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT III

目 錄 V

引 言 1

第一章  相關(guān)概念解析及其研究范圍的界定 7

1.1量刑 7

1.2量刑公正 7

1.2.1公正 7

1.2.2量刑公正 8

1.3倫理困境 9

第二章  當(dāng)前我國(guó)量刑現(xiàn)狀 11

2.1現(xiàn)狀——以交通肇事罪為考察對(duì)象的實(shí)證研究 11

2.1.1共時(shí)性維度考察 11

2.1.2歷時(shí)性維度考察 12

2.2當(dāng)前我國(guó)量刑實(shí)踐中的突出問題：量刑公正阻卻現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重 13

第三章 當(dāng)前我國(guó)量刑公正阻卻的倫理困境及其原因 15

3.1量刑公正阻卻的倫理困境 15

3.1.1刑罰價(jià)值與倫理價(jià)值的沖突 15

3.1.2量刑主體價(jià)值取向與公眾價(jià)值取向的抵牾 19

3.1.3量刑主體的應(yīng)然道德與實(shí)然道德的矛盾 20

3.2造成我國(guó)量刑公正阻卻的倫理困境的原因 23

3.2.1倫理方面的原因 23

3.2.2其它方面的原因 25

第四章  當(dāng)前我國(guó)量刑公正阻卻的實(shí)質(zhì) 29

4.1當(dāng)前我國(guó)量刑公正的倫理內(nèi)容與核心 29

4.1.1量刑公正的倫理內(nèi)容 29

4.1.2量刑公正的倫理核心 30

4.2當(dāng)前我國(guó)量刑公正阻卻的倫理實(shí)質(zhì) 33

4.2.1情、理的意義 33

4.2.2法與情、理的關(guān)系 34

4.2.3法與情、理沖突的原因 35

第五章 走出我國(guó)量刑公正阻卻倫理困境的倫理選擇 37

5.1量刑公正實(shí)現(xiàn)的制度倫理保證 37

5.1.1法律制度設(shè)計(jì)的倫理基礎(chǔ) 37

5.1.2法律制度實(shí)施的道德要求 38

5.1.3量刑公正實(shí)現(xiàn)的主體德性要求 39

5.1.4量刑主體在量刑時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的道德原則 40

5.2對(duì)量刑主體的道德輿論監(jiān)督 42

5.3追求情、理、法三者的有效統(tǒng)一 44

結(jié) 語 47

參考文獻(xiàn) 49

后 記 51

獨(dú) 創(chuàng) 性 聲 明 53

關(guān)于論文使用授權(quán)的說明 53