擋鉤沖壓模具設(shè)計


摘  要

現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展，冷沖壓工藝應(yīng)用范圍十分廣泛，具有效率高、精度高、質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定、材料利用率高、操作簡易、適合批量生產(chǎn)及實(shí)現(xiàn)制造自動化；在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的各個部門中，幾乎都由沖壓加工產(chǎn)品。本設(shè)計主要對掛鉤制件的沖壓工藝分析、數(shù)據(jù)的計算及根據(jù)制件選取沖壓的方法并進(jìn)行對凸、凹模其他輔助零件的設(shè)計，但注重于設(shè)計的方法與需要注意的事項。20年代開始，金屬制品、玩具和小五金等行業(yè)就使用沖床、壓機(jī)等簡易機(jī)械設(shè)備及相應(yīng)的模具加工產(chǎn)品的毛坯或某些零部件，其中有用于落料、沖孔的“刀口模子”，用于金屬拉伸的“塢工模子”。 70年代以后，使用斜度線切割機(jī)加工冷沖模具，其凸模（沖頭）和凹?？上却慊鹛幚碓偾懈钛b配，取代了原來冷沖模具制作：熱處理－裝配－變形修正的繁瑣工藝。模具的光潔度也相應(yīng)提高一個等級，精度可達(dá)到0.01毫米。后來各專業(yè)模具廠、模具車間小組已廣泛使用線切割機(jī)加工制作冷沖模具。
模具是一種專用工具。用于裝在各種壓力機(jī)上。通過壓力把金屬或非金屬材料制造成為所需要的零件的形狀制品。這種專用工具統(tǒng)稱模具。模具生產(chǎn)水平的高低，已成為衡量一個國家制造水平高低的重要標(biāo)志，也是在很大程度上決定著產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量效益和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力。因此，振興和發(fā)展我國的模具工業(yè)日益受到人們的重視和關(guān)注。
沖壓加工作為一個行業(yè)，在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的加工工業(yè)中占有重要的地位。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計，沖壓件在各個行業(yè)中均占很大比重，尤其在汽車、電機(jī)、儀表、軍工、家用電器等方面所占比重更大。沖壓加工的應(yīng)用范圍極廣，從精密的電子元件、儀表指針到重型汽車的覆蓋件和大梁、高壓容器風(fēng)頭以及航空航天器的蒙皮、機(jī)身軍需沖壓加工。
沖壓件在形狀和尺寸精度方面的互換性較好，在一般情況下，可以直接滿足裝配和使用要求。此外，在沖壓加工過程中由于材料經(jīng)過塑料變形，金屬內(nèi)部組織得到改善，機(jī)械強(qiáng)度有所提高，所以，沖壓件具有質(zhì)量輕、剛度好、精度高和外表光滑、美觀等特點(diǎn)。
沖壓加工是一種高生產(chǎn)率的加工方法，如汽車車身等大型零件每分鐘可生產(chǎn)幾件，而小零件的高速沖壓則每分鐘可生產(chǎn)千件以上。由于沖壓加工的毛坯是板材或卷材，一般又在冷狀態(tài)下加工，因此較容易實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化和自動化，比較適宜配置機(jī)器人而實(shí)現(xiàn)無人化生產(chǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：冷沖壓 單工序模 排樣 擋鉤

Abstract

The rapid development of modern industry, cold stamping process of a wide range, with high efficiency and high precision, quality and utilization of materials, simple, suitable for mass production and implementation of manufacturing automation in the various sectors of the national economy, almost all Stamping from processed products. The design of the main parts linked to the stamping process analysis, data and the calculation based on selected parts of the stamping method and the convex and concave die other supporting parts design, but to focus on the design methods and needs attention. 20 era, the fabricated metal products, toys and hardware industries on the use of press, press, and other simple mechanical equipment and the      corresponding mold processed products, or some rough parts, which are used for blanking, punching the "knife-edge mold" For metal stretching the "dock workers mold." After the 1970s, using a gradient Die Cutting Machine processing, the punch (punch) and could die before quenching further cutting assembly to replace the original production of Die: heat treatment - assembly - deformation of the cumbersome amendment process . Die finish also a corresponding increase in levels up to 0.01 mm precision. Later, the professional mold factory, workshop die group has been widely used with Die Cutting Machine manufacture.
    Mold is a dedicated tool. Used for the various presses on. Through pressure on the metal or non-metallic materials as required by the shape of manufactured parts. This special tool referred to die. Die high and low levels of production, has become a measure of a country created an important indicator of the level of, but also to a large extent determine the quality and effectiveness of new product development capability. Therefore, the revitalization and development of China's mould industry has increasingly come under people's attention and concern.
Through pressure on the metal or non-metallic materials as required by the shape of manufactured parts. This special tool referred to die. Die high and low levels of production, has become a measure of a country created an important indicator of the level of, but also to a large extent determine the quality and effectiveness of new product development capability. Therefore, the revitalization and development of China's mould industry has increasingly come under people's attention and concern.
    Stamping as a processing industry in the national economy in the processing industry occupies an important position. According to statistics, stamping parts in various industries account for large proportion, particularly in the automotive, electrical, instrumentation, military industry, household electrical appliances, and other aspects of a greater proportion. Stamping processing of a broad range of applications, from sophisticated electronic components, instruments to guide the cover of heavy vehicles and beams, pressure vessel and the thunder of an aerospace craft, the skin, the body Quartermaster punching processing.
    Stamping parts in the shape and size of the interchangeability better precision, in normal circumstances, can meet the requirements of assembly and use. In addition, the stamping process because of a plastic material deformation, to improve the internal organization of metal,       mechanical strength has increased, so has the quality of light stamping parts, good stiffness, high precision and looks smooth, handsome features.
   Stamping processing is a high productivity of the processing methods, such as auto body and other large parts per minute can produce a few, and small parts of the high-speed stamping capacity of 1,000 per minute and above. Because of rough machining is stamping sheet or membrane, and in the general state of cold processing, it would be more easily achieved mechanization and automation, more appropriate allocation of the unmanned robot and the realization of production.

Key words: cold-stamping      single   process   mould

  目   錄
1  緒論…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1沖壓加工的重要性及優(yōu)點(diǎn) …………………………………………………………1
1.1.1重要性 ……………………………………………………………………………1
1.1.2優(yōu)點(diǎn)………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1.3 缺點(diǎn) ……………………………………………………………………………2
1.2壓加工的概念…………………………………………………………………………2
1.3 金屬彈性變形與塑性變形…………………………………………………………4
2  落料凹模的加工……………………………………………………………………6
2.1工藝分析   ……………………………………………………………………………6
2.1.1沖裁件結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性……………………………………………………………7
2.1.2沖裁件的精度和斷面粗糙度…………………………………………………7
2.2工藝方案確定    ……………………………………………………………………8
 2.2.1單工序模的特點(diǎn)………………………………………………………………8
2.2.2復(fù)合模的特點(diǎn)…………………………………………………………………9
2.3級進(jìn)模的設(shè)計點(diǎn) ……………………………………………………………………10
2.3.1定位方式  ……………………………………………………………………10
2.3.2冷沖模類型和特點(diǎn) ……………………………………………………………10
2.4三類模具的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)較  ……………………………………………………………11
2.4.1級進(jìn)模特點(diǎn) ……………………………………………………………………11
2.5模具結(jié)構(gòu)形式的定…………………………………………………………………12
2.5.1沖孔落料復(fù)合模結(jié)構(gòu)及特點(diǎn) …………………………………………………12
2.6畫排圖…………………………………………………………………………………13
2.6.1搭邊  ………………………………………………………………………….16
2.6.2步距   …………………………………………………………………………18
2.6.3條料寬度 ………………………………………………………………………18
2.7計算材料利用η    ………………………………………………………………21
2.8計算沖力………………………………………………………………………………21
2.9初選壓力  ……………………………………………………………………………22
2.10計算壓心 ……………………………………………………………………………23
2.11計算凸凹模刃口尺寸 ……………………………………………………………24
2.11.1間隙的重要性  ………………………………………………………………25
2.11.2間隙測量  ……………………………………………………………………26
2.11.3沖模的安裝與調(diào)試……………………………………………………………26
2.11.4標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零部件的預(yù)制與儲備 ……………………………………………………27    2.12各孔口尺寸的確定  ……………………………………………………………31
2.13模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 …………………………………………………………………………31
2.14工序排樣原則  ………………………………………………………………………35
2.15校核壓力機(jī)安裝尺寸 ………………………………………………………………35
3設(shè)計小結(jié) …………………………………………………………………………………36
4致謝…………………………………………………………………………………………37
5參考文獻(xiàn)   ……………………………………………………………………………….38
6附錄…………………………………………………………………………………………39