畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)基于單片機(jī)的直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)


 摘 要
本文主要研究了利用MCS-51系列單片機(jī)控制PWM信號(hào)從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行控制的方法。文章中采用了專門的芯片組成了PWM信號(hào)的發(fā)生系統(tǒng)，并且對(duì)PWM信號(hào)的原理、產(chǎn)生方法以及如何通過軟件編程對(duì)PWM信號(hào)占空比進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，從而控制其輸入信號(hào)波形等均作了詳細(xì)的闡述。此外，本文中還采用了芯片IR2110作為直流電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)速功率放大電路的驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊，并且把它與延時(shí)電路相結(jié)合完成了在主電路中對(duì)直流電機(jī)的控制。另外，本系統(tǒng)中使用了測(cè)速發(fā)電機(jī)對(duì)直流電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行測(cè)量，經(jīng)過濾波電路后，將測(cè)量值送到A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器，并且最終作為反饋值輸入到單片機(jī)進(jìn)行PI運(yùn)算，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)直流電機(jī)速度的控制。在軟件方面，文章中詳細(xì)介紹了PI運(yùn)算程序，初始化程序等的編寫思路和具體的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞： PWM信號(hào)，測(cè)速發(fā)電機(jī)，PI運(yùn)算

 
The Design of Direct Current Motor speed Regulation System Based On SCM

Abstract
This article mainly introduces the method to generate the PWM signal by using MCS-51 single-chip computer to control the speed of a D.C. motor. It also clarifies the principles of PWM and the way to adjust the duty cycle of PWM signal. In addition, IR2110 has been used as an actuating device of the power amplifier circuit  which controls the speed of rotation of D.C. motor. What’s more, tachogenerator is used in this system to measure the speed of D.C. motor. The result of the measurement is sent to A/D converter after passing the filtering circuit, and finally the feedback single is stored in the single-chip computer and participates in a PI calculation. As for the software, this article introduces in detail the idea of the programming and how to make it.

Key words:  PWM signal，tachogenerator，PI calculation
 

 
目錄
1. 引言 1
1.1 開發(fā)背景 1
1.2 選題的目的和意義 1
1.3 研究方法 2
2. 總體設(shè)計(jì)概述 2
2.1 總體硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 2
2.1.1系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)框圖 2
2.1.2 8051單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 3
2.1.3單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)中所用其他芯片選型 4
2.2 PWM信號(hào)發(fā)生電路設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.2.1 PWM的基本原理 7
2.2.2 PWM信號(hào)發(fā)生電路設(shè)計(jì) 8
2.2.3 PWM發(fā)生電路主要芯片的工作原理 9
2.3 功率放大驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì) 10
2.3.1芯片IR2110性能及特點(diǎn) 10
2.3.2 IR2110的引腳圖以及功能 11
2.4 主電路設(shè)計(jì) 11
2.4.1 延時(shí)保護(hù)電路 11
2.4.2 主電路 11
2.4.3 輸出電壓波形 13
2.4.4系統(tǒng)總體電路圖 14
2.5 測(cè)速發(fā)電機(jī) 15
2.6 濾波電路 15
2.7 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換 15
2.7.1芯片選型 15
2.7.2 ADC0809的引腳及其功能 16
3. 系統(tǒng)軟件部分的設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.1 PI 轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)器原理圖及參數(shù)計(jì)算 16
3.2 系統(tǒng)中的部分程序設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.2.1主程序設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.2.2 PI控制算法子程序設(shè)計(jì) 18
4. 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 19
4.1軟件調(diào)試 19
4.2系統(tǒng)仿真 20
結(jié)論 21
致謝 21
參考文獻(xiàn) 22
附錄 23