計(jì)算機(jī)論文外文翻譯，附帶原文

計(jì)算機(jī)可被劃分為3個(gè)基本類型：大型機(jī)，小型機(jī)與微型機(jī)。這種分類通常是基于計(jì)算機(jī)的3個(gè)特性：速度，主存儲(chǔ)器容量和字長(zhǎng)。速度是由每秒可被執(zhí)行多少百萬(wàn)條指令叫做MIPS.主存儲(chǔ)器容量是計(jì)算機(jī)的存儲(chǔ)器能保持的字符數(shù)。字長(zhǎng)是一個(gè)可尋址的主存儲(chǔ)器存儲(chǔ)單位的位數(shù)?？杀粚ぶ返闹鞔鎯?chǔ)器的大小部分是由計(jì)算機(jī)的字長(zhǎng)決定的。
一臺(tái)典型的小型機(jī)有16到64位字長(zhǎng)。它的主存儲(chǔ)器容量范圍從8MB—16MB.很顯然，小型機(jī)系統(tǒng)變化很廣泛。一些小型機(jī)特性等于大型機(jī)的那些特性。一些小型機(jī)系統(tǒng)通常包括：顯示屏，打印機(jī)和磁盤(pán)存儲(chǔ)器。微型機(jī)的發(fā)展在1971年從基于微電子學(xué)的第一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)處理器引用開(kāi)始的。從那時(shí)起，微型機(jī)已經(jīng)有了許多改進(jìn)，微型機(jī)已經(jīng)對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)發(fā)生了巨大的影響。除了大小，它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是成本低。大多數(shù)微處理機(jī)有8位或16位或32位字長(zhǎng)。典型的微型 機(jī)主存儲(chǔ)器容量的范圍從1M到8M字符。

Classification of computer
Computer can be placed in to three general classes: mainframes, minicomputers and microcomputers. These classifications are usually based on three characteristics of computers: speed, main-storage, capacity and word size. Speed is expressed by how many millions of instructions. Can be executed per second, called MIPS. Main-storage capacity is the number of characters a computer’s memory can hold, word size is the number of bits in an Main storage location, the amount of main-storage that can be addressed is partly determined by a computer’s word size.