摘要　隨著中國汽車市場的成長，汽車技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展并走向成熟，私家車數(shù)量的增加，行車安全性及舒適性的要求也隨之增高?，F(xiàn)今發(fā)動機(jī)和變速器的維修量逐漸減少，四輪定位及底盤的檢測服務(wù)將成為汽車維修業(yè)的重要項目。車輛在出廠時，其懸架定位角度都是根據(jù)設(shè)計要求預(yù)先設(shè)定好的，用來保證車輛駕駛的舒適性和安全性。車輛在使用中，這些定位角度會由于懸架系統(tǒng)零件的磨損、路面顛簸、交通事故、更換相關(guān)零件以及更換輪胎等原因而發(fā)生變化。改變定位角度，就有可能產(chǎn)生輪胎異常磨損、油耗增加、轉(zhuǎn)向沉重、轉(zhuǎn)向盤不正或抖動、行車漂移、偏向行駛等現(xiàn)象。良好的四輪定位能夠使車輛保持相對穩(wěn)定的直線行駛，并且能轉(zhuǎn)向輕便，減少輪胎與轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的磨損，降低油耗，增加車輛的高速穩(wěn)定性能、操縱性能，減少駕駛疲勞，提高駕駛安全性能。那么汽車在設(shè)計時為什么要預(yù)先設(shè)定車輪定位角度呢？實際上，在絕大多數(shù)維修廠做四輪定位測量時采用的是靜態(tài)測量方式。也就是說，在測量時汽車車體處于相對靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。由于汽車的自重、載重范圍、用途、使用區(qū)域不同，各汽車懸架系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造和軟硬程度也有所不同。為了行駛的安全性、輪胎磨損最小化，汽車在運動（直行和轉(zhuǎn)向）時，要保證車輪平面與車輛行進(jìn)方向一致（直行時平行、轉(zhuǎn)向時同心），且車輪相對于地面處于垂直狀態(tài)。汽車在設(shè)計時，通過對樣車的行進(jìn)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行反復(fù)預(yù)算，計算出車輛在靜態(tài)時的各個定位角度值區(qū)間，即我們所說的汽車四輪定位規(guī)范值。由于車輛設(shè)計不同，因此有的車輪定位角度可調(diào)，有的車輪定位角度不可調(diào)。做四輪定位就是通過四輪定位儀，檢測出被測車輛的各車輪定位角度值是否符合原廠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如果不符合規(guī)范，可作隨機(jī)調(diào)整。只有車輛的定位數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確，它的操控性能、穩(wěn)定性能才能達(dá)到最佳狀態(tài)，輪胎的壽命才能達(dá)到最長。四輪定位的作用就是要使汽車保持穩(wěn)定的直線行駛和轉(zhuǎn)向輕便，并減少汽車在行駛中輪胎和轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)件的磨損。

【關(guān)鍵詞】汽車 四輪定位 檢測 調(diào)整 故障分析

 
Abstract With the growth of China's auto market, the rapid development of automotive technology and to mature, increase in the number of private cars, driving safety and comfort requirements also will be increased. Maintenance of the current engine and transmission was gradually reduced, wheel alignment and chassis testing services will be the automotive repair industry, an important part. Vehicle at the factory, the suspension orientation angle are pre-configured according to design requirements, to ensure that vehicles driving comfort and safety. Vehicles in use, the orientation angle due to wear of suspension parts, road bumps, traffic accidents, replacement parts and replacement tires and other related reasons to change. Change the orientation angle, it may produce abnormal tire wear, increased fuel consumption, steering heavy, the steering wheel is not correct, or jitter, lane drift and tend to travel and so on. Good wheel alignment can make the vehicle maintain a relatively stable straight, and can turn to light, reducing tire wear and steering, lower fuel consumption, increased vehicle speed stability, handling performance, reduce fatigue, improve driving safety. So why in the design of vehicle pre-set wheel alignment angle it? In fact, most of the repair station to do wheel alignment measurements using a static measurement. In other words, when the vehicle body measurements in a relatively quiescent state. As the car weight, load range, uses, use of regional differences, the construction and automotive suspension systems at different levels of hardness. For driving safety, to minimize tire wear, vehicle in motion (straight and turning), to ensure that the wheels of vehicles traveling the same direction plane (parallel to straight time, steering concentric), and the wheels relative to the ground in a vertical state. Car design, like cars moving through the state budget again, to calculate the vehicle positioning in a static point of view when the value of each interval, that is what we call the value of a car wheel alignment specifications. The vehicle designs, so some wheel alignment angle adjustable, and some wheel alignment angle is not adjustable. To do wheel alignment wheel alignment is through the detection of all the tested vehicle wheel alignment angle values are consistent with the original standards. If you do not meet specifications, can be randomly adjusted. Accurate vehicle location data only, its handling and stability in order to achieve the best condition to achieve the longest life of the tire. The role of wheel alignment is to make the cars drive a straight line stability and steering light and reduce the car is moving in the tire wear and steering parts.

Key words adjustment of automobile wheel alignment testing failure analysis

 
目  錄
1 車輪定位幾何 1
•1.1 主銷縱傾角 1
•1.2 車輪外傾角 1
•1.3 車輪前束 1
•1.4 主銷內(nèi)傾角 2
2 四輪定位系統(tǒng)簡介 4
•2.1 地溝式定位系統(tǒng) 4
•2.2 舉升器式定位系統(tǒng) 4
3車輪定位幾何的測量原理 6
•3.1車輪前束和推力角的測量原理 6
•3.2主銷后傾角和主銷內(nèi)傾角的測量原理 7
•3.3 轉(zhuǎn)向20°時前張角的測量原理 10
4汽車四輪定位測試系統(tǒng)的安裝與使用 12
•4.1 做四輪定位時的注意事項 12
•4.2 汽車四輪定位的步驟 12
•4.3 汽車四輪定位儀的正確使用 13
•4.3.1 上車前的準(zhǔn)備工作 13
4.3.2進(jìn)行車輪定位 14
總結(jié) 18
參考文獻(xiàn) 19
致謝 19