摘  要
本文在對單片機研究的基礎(chǔ)上，以AT89S51為核心控制芯片，對位移檢測系統(tǒng)進行設(shè)計與改進，探討以AT89S51單片機構(gòu)成串行鼠標的實現(xiàn)方法，介紹鼠標編碼器數(shù)據(jù)存取軟件的設(shè)計原理及軟件設(shè)計?？紤]到存在的各種干擾對系統(tǒng)的影響，從軟、硬件設(shè)計、仿真技術(shù)三個方面做出了分析。
安捷倫(Agilent)公司的ADNS-2051芯片是一種新推出的高性能的運動檢測器件,非常適合應用于高精度、高速運動的位置檢測場合。借鑒光學鼠標原理,結(jié)合ADNS-2051的功能、特點,通過對光學鼠標的改裝來替代位移傳感器在許多場合測試中的應用。
光電鼠標正交模式相對位移檢測系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與應用，正是采用ADNS-2051為光電鼠標設(shè)計的芯片，它是基于光學導航技術(shù)，通過連續(xù)拍攝像，連續(xù)地獲得表面圖像，通過比較，測定位移決定位移方向和大小由DSP處理后產(chǎn)生的X, Y方向位移量狀態(tài)輸出給單片機，單片機將兩次接收的狀態(tài)進行比較，產(chǎn)生位移的大小和方向，并通過顯示、通信過程將待測量數(shù)據(jù)反應出來。

關(guān)鍵詞：AT89S51單片機； 鼠標圖像處理芯片； 位移檢測

ABSTRACT
Based on the research on singlechips,and using AT89S8051 as the core controlling chip, this thesis focus on the design and improvement of relative position detecting system of photoelectric mouse.It introduce the design principle and method of the program which picks up the data from mouse code.It also provide with aprogram design of serial mouse mouse. Considering the efect from various interferenceson the system, the thesis analyze in software hardware and imitation technology.
ADNS-2051 chip is a new high-performance motion detection device of Agilent, it suitable for high-precision, high-speed movement occasions of the position detection. Learning from the principle of optical mouse combined with the ADNS-2051 features, characteristics, through the modification of the optical mouse sensor to replace the test on many occasions the application of the test functions.
The design and application of the position monitoring system of the photoelectric mouse in a orthographic mode use ADNS-2051 chip. The IAS acquires microscopic surface images. These images are processed by the DSP to determine the direction and distance of motion. The DSP generates the X and Y relative.DSP generated by X, Y direction of displacement data to the single-chip, single-chip will receive the status of the two compared, resulting in the size and direction of displacement, and show that communication process will be reflected in survey data.

KEYWORDS: singlechip-AT89S51; photoelectricmouse;  position detection

目  錄

1 緒 論 1
1.1 應用背景 1
1.2 選題意義 1
1.3 本文所做的工作 2
2 單片機系統(tǒng)基本原理和方案選擇 3
2.1 單片機簡介 3
2.2 AT89S51單片機特性與邏輯功能 4
2.3 本文用到的管腳說明 4
3 位移檢測方案選擇和系統(tǒng)基本原理 6
3.1概述 6
3.2系統(tǒng)方案 6
3.3光電鼠標測位移原理 8
3.4 ADNS-2051鼠標芯片的特點和工作原理 10
3.4.1 鼠標芯片的分辨率 10
3.4.2 主要功能與特性 11
3.4.3狀態(tài)機的工作過程 11
3.4.4 引腳介紹 13
3.5 影響分辨率的因素 14
4 位移檢測系統(tǒng)接口電路設(shè)計 16
4.1單片機晶振、復位電路 16
4.2電源電路 17
4.3 檢測部分電路 17
4.4 顯示部分電路 18
4.4.1 譯碼器部分簡介 19
4.4.2 數(shù)碼管顯示電路 20
4.5按鍵工作原理 22
4.6串行通信電路的設(shè)計 23
5 位移檢測系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計 25
5.1開發(fā)語言及編譯軟件 25
5.2 位移檢測部分 25
5.3 數(shù)碼管顯示部分 28
5.4 串行通信部分 28
5.5 系統(tǒng)總體功能簡介 35
結(jié) 論 37
參考文獻 38
致 謝 39
附錄Ⅰ 系統(tǒng)原理圖 40
附錄Ⅱ 程序源代碼 41