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摘 要

隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展, 鋼鐵材料在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中的支柱作用越來(lái)越大, 但腐蝕問(wèn)題一直困擾著鋼鐵材料的發(fā)展。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì), 世界上每年因腐蝕而不能使用的金屬制品的重量相當(dāng)于其年產(chǎn)量的三分之一。而鋼鐵常溫發(fā)黑是一種常用的鋼鐵防腐蝕技術(shù)，因此探索一種有意義的無(wú)毒的鋼鐵發(fā)黑技術(shù)勢(shì)在必行。
本文針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)鋼鐵發(fā)黑劑毒性大、穩(wěn)定性差、工藝繁復(fù)、以及發(fā)黑膜質(zhì)量問(wèn)題、消耗多等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究。鋼鐵發(fā)黑劑由主鹽和氧化劑，穩(wěn)定劑，絡(luò)合劑，表面潤(rùn)濕劑以及加速劑組成，通過(guò)對(duì)鋼鐵發(fā)黑劑的組成成分、濃度、各種成分的用量溫度以及PH值和發(fā)黑時(shí)間進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)分析。
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：各因素對(duì)配方發(fā)黑效果的影響由大到小的順序?yàn)椋毫蛩徙~＞磷酸二氫鋅＞檸檬酸＞硫酸鎳。并且進(jìn)一步得到發(fā)黑液的最佳配方為：硫酸銅3.5g/l,磷酸二氫鋅13g/l,檸檬酸2g/l，硫酸鎳2g/l，鉬酸銨1.5g/l，PH值為2.5，溫度為室溫（20℃左右）,發(fā)黑適宜時(shí)間為7.5min。
   在優(yōu)化配方下，實(shí)驗(yàn)所得出的發(fā)黑片表面深黑均勻而且致密，無(wú)斑點(diǎn)，發(fā)黑膜經(jīng)硫酸銅點(diǎn)滴實(shí)驗(yàn)證明耐蝕性良好，經(jīng)脫脂棉球摩擦后，表明發(fā)黑膜層具有可靠的結(jié)合力；本實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)影響鋼鐵常溫發(fā)黑的因素提供了可靠的研究方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：常溫發(fā)黑、優(yōu)化、無(wú)毒

 Abstract

With the development of science and technology, iron and steel materials in all fields of national economy and the increasing role of the pillars, but the corrosion problem has plagued the development of steel materials. According to statistics, every year the world can not be used due to corrosion of metal products, one-third of the weight equivalent to its annual production. The black steel is a common room temperature corrosion of iron and steel technology, to explore a meaningful non-toxic black steel technology is imperative.
This traditional steel blackening agent for toxicity, poor stability, complex process, and the black film quality, consumption of many other issues. Black iron salt and oxidizing agent from the main stabilizer, complexing agent, surface wetting agent and accelerator components, through the composition of the steel blackening agent, concentration, temperature and amount of various components of the PH value and the black time Experimental analysis.
   The results show that: the effect of factors on the formulation of black descending order: sulfate> zinc dihydrogen phosphate> citrate> nickel sulfate. Blackening and further the best formula is: copper sulfate 3.5g / l, zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 13g / l, citric acid 2g / l, nickel sulphate 2g / l, ammonium 1.5g / l, PH value 2.5, at room temperature (20 ℃ or so), black suitable time for 7.5min.
   In the optimized formula, the experimental surface of the deep-drawn black uniform and dense black, no spots, black film proved by the bit of copper sulfate corrosion resistance, the cotton ball after the friction that has reliable black film Adhesion; this experiment room temperature blackening of the factors that affect the iron and steel provides a reliable research methods.

Key words: low temperature oxidation, optimization, non-toxic

目錄

摘 要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
1 緒論 1
1.1  鋼鐵防腐蝕概況 1
1.1.1  鋼鐵的腐蝕現(xiàn)象以及其危害 1
1.1.2 我國(guó)鋼鐵腐蝕情況 1
1.2 鋼鐵防腐蝕的基本方法 2
1.2.1 提高鋼鐵的耐腐蝕性能 3
1.2.2 電化學(xué)保護(hù)法 3
1.2.3 改善腐蝕環(huán)境 4
1.3 金屬表面處理 4
1.3.1 非金屬涂層 4
1.3.2 金屬覆蓋層 5
1.3.3 鋼鐵表面的化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化膜 5
1.4 鋼鐵常溫發(fā)黑工藝 6
1..4.1 鋼鐵常溫發(fā)黑液的組成 6
1.4.2 常溫硒化物體系發(fā)黑 7
1.4.3 常溫?zé)o硒發(fā)黑 9
1.5 本文研究的意義 12
2 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 13
2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)藥品及設(shè)備 13
2.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)基體材料 13
2.1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器與設(shè)備 13
2.1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)藥品 13
2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)的操作步驟和工藝條件 14
2.2.1 工藝流程 15
2.3  發(fā)黑膜層性能的測(cè)試 15
3 結(jié)果與分析 17
3.1 配方的初選結(jié)果與分析 17
3.1.1 氧化劑的選擇 17
3.1.2 穩(wěn)定劑的選擇 17
3.1.3 絡(luò)合劑的選擇 18
3.1.4  加速劑的選擇 19
3.1.5 表面潤(rùn)濕劑的選擇 19
3.2 單因子試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果與分析 20
3.2.1 硫酸銅濃度對(duì)發(fā)黑膜層的影響 20
3.2.2 磷酸二氫鋅對(duì)發(fā)黑膜層性能的影響 22
3.2.3 檸檬酸對(duì)發(fā)黑膜層性能的影響 24
3.2.4 硫酸鎳對(duì)發(fā)黑膜層性能的影響 25
3.2.5 PH值對(duì)發(fā)黑膜性能的影響 27
3.2.6 發(fā)黑時(shí)間對(duì)發(fā)黑膜層性能的影響 29
3.3 正交優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析 29
3.3.1 發(fā)黑液配方的優(yōu)化 30
3.3.2 配方正交優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 30
4 結(jié)論 32
參考文獻(xiàn) 33
致謝 34
附錄A： 英文文獻(xiàn)原文 35
翻譯 39