多工位組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)

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摘要

本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)所給題目是：立式八軸鉆床總體及主軸箱設(shè)計(jì)。組合機(jī)床是根據(jù)工件加工需要，以大量通用部件為基礎(chǔ)，配以少量專用部件組成的一種高效專用機(jī)床。目前，組合機(jī)床主要用于平面加工和孔加工兩類工序。其加工精度穩(wěn)定，生產(chǎn)效率高，自動(dòng)化程度高，極大程度地降低工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，因而，組合機(jī)床在生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛。
由于本次設(shè)計(jì)中的加工零件為拖拉機(jī)后掛犁左支架，為大批量生產(chǎn)。 同時(shí)所要加工的孔較多，并且要加工的孔呈上下階梯分布，組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)主要是對(duì)孔進(jìn)行加工，孔加工共分三個(gè)工位，第一工位為裝卸工位，第二工位鉆4個(gè)φ21孔，第三工位鉆4個(gè)φ17.5孔。通過(guò)組合機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)，保證按要求完成孔的加工，這是本次設(shè)計(jì)的最終目的。
主軸箱的設(shè)計(jì)是本次計(jì)的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，尤其是主軸箱傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)所需加工孔的位置及速度要求，合理的設(shè)計(jì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、布置傳動(dòng)軸的位置是設(shè)計(jì)中的關(guān)鍵。要盡量減少傳動(dòng)軸的數(shù)量，使傳動(dòng)路線盡量簡(jiǎn)單。同時(shí)還要保證各軸各齒輪不相互干涉，保證傳動(dòng)能順利實(shí)現(xiàn)加工要求。
由于組合機(jī)床能夠進(jìn)行多工位加工，提高自動(dòng)化程度，縮短加工時(shí)間和輔助時(shí)間。并且大部分都是由通用部件組成，便于設(shè)計(jì)、制造和維護(hù)。而且機(jī)床易于改造，當(dāng)產(chǎn)品和工藝變化時(shí)，通用部件還能重復(fù)利用，經(jīng)濟(jì)性較好。因此，組合機(jī)床在大批量生產(chǎn)中被廣泛地應(yīng)用。組合機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)也顯得相當(dāng)關(guān)鍵。

關(guān)鍵詞：組合機(jī)床，多工位，自動(dòng)化，主軸箱

THE DESIGN OF MULTI-BIT COMBIATION MACHINE TOOL

ABSTRACT

The title of this graduation design is eight vertical axles drilling spindle box and the overall design. Combination machine is based on the workpiece machining needs, and a large number of common components as the foundation, coupled with a small number of dedicated components, It consisting of a dedicated and efficient machine. At present, the portfolio mainly for two processes of plane  processing and holes processing. Its precision machining stability, high efficiency, high degree of automation,  great extent reduce labor intensity, and consequently, combination machine in production have been widely applied.
Because of the processing components of this design for tractor plow left trestle,and it is linked to mass production. Besides processing to the hole more, and the hole processing submitted the distribution up and down, combination machine primarily designe is hole processing, drilling work is divided into three spaces, the spaces for the first working-position, 2nd-Position drilling 4×φ21 holes, the third-position drilling 4×φ17.5 holes . By combining machine design, ensure the completion of hole processing under requires, this is the ultimate goal of this design.
Spindle Box Design is the current focus, and it also difficult, especially spindle box drive system design. According to the processing requirements of the hole location and speed, design the transmission reasonably, arrange the location of axles reasonably is the key. minimizing the number of drive shaft, transmission routes as simple as possible. The same time ensure that all the gear shaft without mutual interference, ensure that transmission can be achieved smoothly processing requirements.
As portfolio machine can carry out multi-stage processing and enhance the degree of automation, shorten processing time and support time. And most of them are composed by the general components, facilitate the design、 manufacture and maintenance. and Machine is easy transformed, when product and process changes, the general components can reuse, It is economical. Therefore, the combination machine has been widely applied in mass production. The design of combination Machine is very critical too.

Keywords : portfolio machine, multi-station, automation, Spindle Box

目  錄

前  言 1
第1章 概述 2
第2章 工藝規(guī)程的擬定 4
§2.1 零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及功能 4
§2.2 零件技術(shù)要求分析 5
§2.3 零件的材料及毛坯選擇 6
§2.4 工藝路線的擬定 6
§2.5 重點(diǎn)工序分析 7
§2.6 切削用量及單件工時(shí)的確定 7
§2.6.1 刀具型號(hào)確定 7
§2.6.2 切削用量確定 8
§2.6.3 單件工時(shí)的確定 8
第3章 機(jī)床總體設(shè)計(jì) 11
§3.1 工序圖 11
§3.2 加工示意圖 11
§3.3 動(dòng)力部件的確定 12
§3.4 機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖 13
§3.5 機(jī)床生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算 15
第4章 主軸箱設(shè)計(jì) 17
§4.1 主軸箱設(shè)計(jì)的原始依據(jù) 17
§4.2 主軸的型式與直徑的確定 18
§4.2.1 主軸型式的確定 18
§4.2.2 主軸直徑的確定 19
§4.3 主軸箱所動(dòng)力計(jì)算 20
§4.4 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算 21
§4.4.1 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的一般要求 21
§4.4.2 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法 22
§4.4.3 主軸及傳動(dòng)軸齒輪模數(shù)、齒數(shù)的確定 22
§4.4.4 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及齒輪排數(shù)的確定 24
§4.4.5 傳動(dòng)軸直徑的確定 25
§4.4.6 主軸及傳動(dòng)軸位置坐標(biāo)的確定 26
§4.5 主軸箱的潤(rùn)滑及手柄軸的設(shè)置 29
結(jié)論 32
參考文獻(xiàn) 33
致　謝 34