摘要

本設(shè)計(jì)從實(shí)驗(yàn)研究分析的角度，分析了汽車倒車防撞系統(tǒng)的基本設(shè)計(jì)原理以及目前國內(nèi)外此類防撞系統(tǒng)存在的問題。較詳細(xì)的介紹一種超聲波測(cè)距系統(tǒng)以及根據(jù)該系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，研制的汽車倒車防撞報(bào)警器，它能自動(dòng)檢測(cè)車尾障礙物的距離。當(dāng)達(dá)到極限位置的時(shí)候，它能發(fā)出聲光報(bào)警，提醒司機(jī)剎車。設(shè)計(jì)采用國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)廠家的通用元件，成本低，性能可靠，有利于推廣。超聲波距離傳感器采用壓電元件鋯鈦化鉛，一般稱為RZT，這種傳感器的特點(diǎn)在于具有方向性，汽車所用的倒車聲納系統(tǒng)利用超聲波距離傳感器的“回聲”現(xiàn)象制成的，倒車時(shí)向車輛后方發(fā)射超聲波，測(cè)定超聲波遇到障礙物后返回的時(shí)間，就可以得到車到障礙物的距離。在此要感謝王老師對(duì)我的指導(dǎo)，感謝同組人的合作及幫助過我的同學(xué)。由于編者水平有限,書中的錯(cuò)漏在所難免，懇請(qǐng)讀者批評(píng)指正。


關(guān)鍵字：超聲波 汽車倒車 防撞 報(bào)警器 傳感器

























ABSTRACT

The basic designing principle of the automobile anticollisionsystem and the problems existed in the domestic and internationalare analyzed. In this paper, Not only ultrasonic range meteringsystem also principle ,methods and procedures of the designaccording to the design were introduced. The car’ back upanticollision alarm is studied. When the distance reaches the limitpoint, the alarm can give out sound and Light alarm,reminding drivers to brake.The design includes sending,receiving and alarm.Signal is sent and received by ultrasonic transducer,which isequipped with directivity. piezoelectric element is used ,generallycalled RZT. In anticollision circuit, acousto-optic anticollisionis applied for voice alarm. This designing adopts the commoncomponent of domestic manufacturers, with low costs, reliableperformance, and it is easy to be popularized.

Key words: ultrasonlccar’back up anticollision alarmsensor

ABSTRACT

The basic designing principle of the automobile anticollisionsystem and the problems existed in the domestic and internationalare analyzed. In this paper, Not only ultrasonic range meteringsystem also principle ,methods and procedures of the designaccording to the design were introduced. The car’ back upanticollision alarm is studied. When the distance reaches the limitpoint, the alarm can give out sound and Light alarm,reminding drivers to brake.The design includes sending,receiving and alarm.Signal is sent and received by ultrasonic transducer,which isequipped with directivity. piezoelectric element is used ,generallycalled RZT. In anticollision circuit, acousto-optic anticollisionis applied for voice alarm. This designing adopts the commoncomponent of domestic manufacturers, with low costs, reliableperformance, and it is easy to be popularized.

Key words: ultrasonlccar’back up anticollision alarmsensor

目錄

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 選題意義 1
1.2 汽車倒后防撞報(bào)警器的研究現(xiàn)狀 1
1.3本論文的特色 2
第二章 報(bào)警器的相關(guān)技術(shù)介紹 3
2.1傳感器類型的選擇 3
2.1.1傳感器的主要類型 3
2.1.2 倒車過程中選用的傳感器 5
2.2測(cè)距原理 5
2.2.1 倒車過程中的測(cè)距原理 5
第三章 報(bào)警器的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.1 倒車過程中的防撞報(bào)警器的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.1.1整體設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.1.2超聲波發(fā)射電路 7
3.1.3超聲波接收電路 8
3.1.4篩選電路 9
3.1.5整形電路 9
3.1.6 語音錄音電路 10
3.1.7放音電路 11
3.1.8 總電路圖 12
第四章 報(bào)警器的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 15
4.1 倒車過程中的防撞報(bào)警軟件設(shè)計(jì) 15
第五章 結(jié)論與展望 19
5.1 結(jié)論 19
5.2 展望 19
致謝 21
參考文獻(xiàn) 23
附錄 25