摘要
國(guó)內(nèi)外制造業(yè)的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，發(fā)展制造業(yè)，數(shù)控機(jī)床是基礎(chǔ)。數(shù)控機(jī)床很好地解決了現(xiàn)代機(jī)械制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、精密、批量小、多變零件的加工問題，且能穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)品的加工質(zhì)量，大幅提高生產(chǎn)效率。然而企業(yè)若花大量的資金更換全新的數(shù)控機(jī)床，則花費(fèi)過高，給企業(yè)造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)過大，同時(shí)報(bào)廢大量的普通機(jī)床也是一個(gè)極大的浪費(fèi)。因此對(duì)機(jī)床進(jìn)行數(shù)控化改造不失為一個(gè)良策。本設(shè)計(jì)是針對(duì)常見的CA6140車床進(jìn)行數(shù)控化改造以達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控機(jī)床的要求。主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)部分保留原機(jī)床的主軸手動(dòng)變速；進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的縱向與橫向改造都是采用步進(jìn)電機(jī)通過一級(jí)齒輪減速后驅(qū)動(dòng)滾珠絲杠；原刀架拆除加裝自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)位刀架（四工位）實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)換刀；加裝脈沖發(fā)生器以實(shí)現(xiàn)切削螺紋功能；數(shù)控系統(tǒng)選擇MCS-51系列單片機(jī)組成的控制系統(tǒng)。
關(guān)鍵詞：CA6140車床；數(shù)控化改造；滾珠絲杠；步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)

Lathe transformation of the economic design of NC
Abstract
The manufacturing industry experience both at home and abroad shows that the development of manufacturing industry of foundation is numerical control machine tools .CNC machine tool solves the problems of modern machinery manufacturing complex structure,recision and small batch and changeable parts processing. and CNC machine tool can stabilize the quality of their products and greatly improve the production efficiency.However,it is cost that companies spend a lot of money to get new CNC machine tools.it is the economic burden for enterprises and the machine is a common scrapped a great waste.Therefore, transformation of the NC machine tools would be a good policy.This design is for the common reform CA6140 lathe for CNC machine tools to meet the requirements of NC machine.main transmission system retain the original manual transmission.the transmission system reform are based on the stepper motor through gears drive the ball screw.the cutter dismantle cutter with four automatic transfers to change location automatically.installation of the pulse generator to achieve the function of cutting thread.MCS - 51 single-chip control system is selected for Nc system.
Key words: CA6140 lathe; NC transformation; ball screws; Stepping Motor

目錄
1 前言 1
1.1 經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控改造的實(shí)際意義 1
2 經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控改造總體方案的確定 3
2.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) 3
2.2 總體方案的論證與確定 3
2.2.1 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的選擇 3
2.2.2機(jī)械部分的數(shù)控化設(shè)計(jì)改造與選擇 4
3 主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)改造 6
4 主軸編碼器 7
5 機(jī)床滑動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌的改造 8
6 進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)控化改造設(shè)計(jì) 9
6.1 縱向進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)控化改造設(shè)計(jì) 10
6.1.1切削力的確定 10
6.1.2滾珠絲杠螺母副的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與選型 10
6.1.3 齒輪減速器的設(shè)計(jì) 17
6.1.4 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的計(jì)算與選擇 18
6.2 橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的數(shù)控改造設(shè)計(jì) 21
6.2.1切削力的確定 21
6.2.2滾珠絲杠副的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算和選型 22
6.2.3齒輪減速器的設(shè)計(jì) 28
6.2.4步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的計(jì)算與選擇 29
7 刀架的數(shù)控化改造 33
8 結(jié)論 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 35
致謝 37