摘要：了解數(shù)控機(jī)床的概念，所謂數(shù)控是按照含有機(jī)床(刀具)運(yùn)動(dòng)信息程序所指定的順序自動(dòng)執(zhí)行操作的過程。而計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控機(jī)床就是數(shù)控機(jī)床在計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控下進(jìn)行工作。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)很多,如可以在同一機(jī)床上一次裝夾可完成多個(gè)操作，生產(chǎn)率顯著提高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但它的價(jià)格昂貴。由于我國(guó)現(xiàn)在使用的機(jī)床大多數(shù)為普通車床，自動(dòng)化程度低,要更新現(xiàn)有機(jī)床需要很多資金。為了解決這個(gè)問題,也為了適應(yīng)多品種中、小批量零件加工我們選擇機(jī)床經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控改造?？傮w設(shè)計(jì)方案：在普通車床上采用適合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)時(shí)控制的80C51單片機(jī)為控制器，以運(yùn)行特性好、可靠性高的步進(jìn)電機(jī)為驅(qū)動(dòng)執(zhí)行元件進(jìn)行數(shù)控改造。
關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控、車床、改造、80C51單片機(jī)；步進(jìn)電機(jī)；
Abstract:Numerical Control (NC) is any machining process in which the operations are executed automaticallu in sequences as specified by the program that contains the information for the tool movement .When Numerical Control is performed under computer supervision, it is called Computer Numerical Control (CNC).CNC machines have many advantages over conventional machines. For example, there is a possibility lf performing operations on the same machine in one setup and production is significantly increased. One of its disadvantages is that they are quite expensive. In our country conventional machine is used widely. So if the machines are replaced, there is going to need a large money. In order to agree with the development of our economy, we can reform the conventional machines. The overall master design: The way to NC improvement of general machine tool was introduced that using single-chip computer 80C51 to realize the real-time control and driving by step motor.
Key word: Numerical Control、machining、improvement、single-chip computer 80C51、step motor；


















前 言
數(shù)控機(jī)床經(jīng)濟(jì)型改造,實(shí)質(zhì)是機(jī)械工程技術(shù)與微電子技術(shù)的結(jié)合。經(jīng)改造后的機(jī)床加工的精度、效率、速度都有了很明顯的提高，適合我國(guó)現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的發(fā)展要求。
本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)主要是對(duì)機(jī)床機(jī)械部分進(jìn)行改造,以步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)橫向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)、縱向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)以及刀架的快速換刀,使傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)變得十分簡(jiǎn)單，傳動(dòng)鏈大大縮短,傳動(dòng)件數(shù)減少,從而提高機(jī)床的精度。
設(shè)計(jì)中，我們對(duì)有關(guān)數(shù)控機(jī)床及數(shù)控改造的相關(guān)書籍、刊物進(jìn)行大量閱讀,收集了很多資料,了解了數(shù)控機(jī)床的基本概念，數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展概況，數(shù)控機(jī)床的組成及其工作原理，擴(kuò)大了我們的知識(shí)面。
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代機(jī)械制造要求產(chǎn)品的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)不斷改進(jìn)，對(duì)零件的加工質(zhì)量的要求也越來越高。隨著社會(huì)對(duì)產(chǎn)品多樣化要求的增強(qiáng)，產(chǎn)品品種增多,產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代加速。數(shù)控機(jī)床代替普通機(jī)床被廣泛應(yīng)用是一個(gè)必然的趨勢(shì)。同時(shí)，數(shù)控機(jī)床將向著更高的速度、精度、可靠性及完善性的功能發(fā)展。