CA6163普通車床數(shù)控化改造


摘要
機床是機械制造業(yè)的重要基礎設備，它的發(fā)展一直引起人們的高度關注，由于計算機技術的發(fā)展，促使機床的控制信息出現(xiàn)了很大的突破?，F(xiàn)代數(shù)控機床是應用數(shù)字化計算機技術進行柔性自動化控制的新一代機床，是未來工廠自動化的基礎。舊機床數(shù)控化改造范圍大、潛力大、投資少、見效快，已經(jīng)成為適合我國國情，促進制造業(yè)技術進步的重要手段。因此，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)改造車床的研究具有重要意義。
本文在敘述了數(shù)控技術的歷史、現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展的基礎上，通過對舊機床的分析，結合機床改造的總體思想，提出了數(shù)控化改造的技術方案和新數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的選型配置方案;針對舊機床的要求，進行了傳動系統(tǒng)的重新設計，提高了傳動的精度，重新設計機床的控制邏輯，通過對伺服系統(tǒng)的分析，完成了機床各主要參數(shù)的優(yōu)化和匹配。
本機床改造后將會展示出強大的功能、穩(wěn)定的性能，在投資比較少的情況下，既能滿足生產(chǎn)加工的需求，又能提高機床的自動化程度。是一次有益的嘗試。
關鍵詞：CA6163;機床;改造;數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。
 
Abstract
The modern Computer Numerical Control （CNC）machine is the foundation of the modern manufactory. The remaking of old machine for CNC is an efficient means to promote the progress of the manufactory, which is adapted to the circumstance for our country. Its range is wide, its cost is low and its period is short. Therefore, it is very important to study a remarking the lathe machine by using CNC system.
This paper introduces the history and the development of CNC system. Based on its theory, through the analysis about the components of the old machine, presents the remaking transmission system to raise the precision of the lathe。Presents the remaking schemes of the CNC system. According to the old machine, the detail design and adjustment of the electric system have been completed, including the design of hardware and control software：Have introduced the one-chip computer system briefly, and has designed the electric control circuit of the numerical control lathe with the one-chip computer；And also redesign the control logic of the machine, through analyzing of the servo system, the main parameters of the machine have been confirmed and optimized also.
Have discussed two kinds interpolation numerical control lathes with thematic part, and design the interpolation forms for the numerical control lathe.
The remarked machine will show its powerful ability and high reliability, it conforms to the technical regulation and the accuracy standard of the machine.，and    will process the qualified part, it has improved the performance of the lathe greatly, it’s a beneficial try.
Keywords：CA6163;lathe ; Remake ; CNC system ; One-chip computer.
 
目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
第一章 緒論 1
1.1  數(shù)控機床的歷史和現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2  數(shù)控機床的發(fā)展趨勢和研究方向 3
1.2.1  高速度、高精度化 4
1.2.2多功能化 6
1.2.3智能化 7
1.2.4數(shù)控系統(tǒng)小型化 8
1.2.5數(shù)控編程自動化 8
1.2.6更高的可靠性 9
1.3機床數(shù)控化改造的必要性 9
第二章 機床改造的任務及總體思想 12
2.1機床改造的總體任務 12
2.2運動系統(tǒng)方案確定 12
2.2.1伺服系統(tǒng)的選擇 12
2.2.2傳動方式的選擇 13
2.3數(shù)控系統(tǒng)軟硬件總體設計 14
2.4數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件結構 14
2.5數(shù)控系統(tǒng)軟件結構 15
第三章 進給伺服系統(tǒng)傳動計算 17
3.1確定系統(tǒng)脈沖當量 17
3.2切削力的確定 17
3.3計算進給牽引力 18
3.4計算最大動負載C 18
3.5傳動效率計算 20
3.6剛度計算 20
3.7進給伺服系統(tǒng)傳動計算 21
3.7.1確定傳動比 21
3.7.2齒輪參數(shù)的計算 21
3.8步進電機的計算和選用 22
3.8.1轉動慣量的計算 22
3.8.2電機力矩的計算 23
3.9步進電機的選擇 26
結論 28
參考文獻 1
致謝 3