摘 要
船舶火災(zāi)是火災(zāi)中的一種，它是船舶海難中較常見(jiàn)且危險(xiǎn)性較大的一種事故。一方面是因?yàn)榇盎馂?zāi)難以自救，而且船上現(xiàn)有的人力和設(shè)備有限。另一方面，船體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、分艙多、貨物密集，消防器材不易到達(dá)且回旋余地小，使火災(zāi)的施救工作活動(dòng)范圍受到影響和限制，撲救條件惡劣。散貨船在我國(guó)船舶制造業(yè)中占有很大的份額，所以散貨船機(jī)艙火災(zāi)的研究對(duì)于深入了解機(jī)艙火災(zāi)，尤其是機(jī)艙防火和機(jī)艙滅火意義重大。
本文以FDS軟件為平臺(tái)，建立了某散貨船機(jī)艙模型，采用大渦模擬的方法對(duì)機(jī)艙火災(zāi)的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過(guò)程進(jìn)行計(jì)算模擬。文中對(duì)散貨船機(jī)艙火災(zāi)進(jìn)行了以下研究：
(1)給出了機(jī)艙火災(zāi)燃燒的數(shù)學(xué)模型，闡述了大渦模擬的基本思想，提供了機(jī)艙火災(zāi)模擬研究的理論依據(jù)；
(2)在軟件中建立了散貨船機(jī)艙火災(zāi)的物理模型，并對(duì)火災(zāi)的起因分析和火源點(diǎn)的設(shè)定，機(jī)艙火災(zāi)邊界條件的設(shè)定，以及并行計(jì)算等方面進(jìn)行了研究分析；
(3)對(duì)機(jī)艙火災(zāi)進(jìn)行計(jì)算模擬，得出不同時(shí)刻、不同高度時(shí)的煙氣運(yùn)動(dòng)與火焰蔓延的變化規(guī)律，以及艙內(nèi)溫度場(chǎng)、碳煙質(zhì)量濃度和CO濃度等分布情況，直觀反映了散貨船機(jī)艙火災(zāi)的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過(guò)程，相對(duì)傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)層次的研究更具有直觀性和實(shí)用性；
(4)對(duì)機(jī)艙火災(zāi)中運(yùn)動(dòng)中頂棚射流和煙氣卷吸運(yùn)動(dòng)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了模擬研究，分析了頂棚射流與煙氣卷吸運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)于火災(zāi)中煙氣運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響；
(5)分別以多層幾何結(jié)構(gòu)船舶機(jī)艙、無(wú)通風(fēng)管路多層幾何結(jié)構(gòu)船舶機(jī)艙及單層幾何結(jié)構(gòu)船舶機(jī)艙為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)三種結(jié)構(gòu)中的流速場(chǎng)、氧氣濃度分布、火焰?zhèn)鞑ニ俣燃皟魺嵬窟M(jìn)行比較研究，分析了在多層結(jié)構(gòu)中火災(zāi)的特點(diǎn)；
本文對(duì)散貨船機(jī)艙火災(zāi)進(jìn)行了研究，在此研究領(lǐng)域有一定的新意，并以期通過(guò)這項(xiàng)研究，為散貨船以及相似船型的機(jī)艙防火策略、機(jī)艙滅火和人員逃生提供參考。

關(guān)鍵詞：散貨船 機(jī)艙火災(zāi) 大渦模擬 煙氣卷吸 多層結(jié)構(gòu)

























ABSTRACT
Ship fire is a kind of fire. It is a common shipwreck with high risk. On the one hand, it is difficult for people on the ship to save themselves, and the manpower and equipments on board are limited. On the other hand, because of the complex internal structure of the cabin, hard-to-reach fire fighting equipment and little room for maneuvering, the fire rescue scope is badly affected and the rescue conditions are horrible. Bulk ship accounts for a large share of the manufacturing sector in China, so the research for cabin fire of bulk ship is extremely important and meaningful in helping people understand cabin fire better, especially in fire prevention and fire elimination.
The model of bulk cabin is established based on the FDS platform, and used the method of large eddy simulation to the computer simulation for occurrence and development of cabin fire. It has given the following researches in cabin fire of bulk ship:
(1)It has given the math model of cabin fire burning, explained the basic idea of large eddy simulation, and provided theoretical basis for cabin fire simulation research;
(2)It has set up the physical model for cabin fire of bulk ship, analyzed the cause of the fire, set the fire point and the boundary condition of the cabin fire, and researched other aspects of parallel computing in the software;
(3)Through the computer simulation of cabin fire, it has gotten the variation rule of the smoke movement and flame spread at different times and different heights, and the distribution of the cabin temperature, the soot and CO concentration, which directly reflects the occurrence and development process of cabin fire in bulk ship, and is relatively more intuitive and practical compared to traditional research;
(4) It has put up simulation studies for the ceiling jet smoke and entrainment motion phenomena of cabin fire in bulk ship, and analyzed these phenomena’s effects to the smoke movement in the fire;
(5) It has treated the multi-layer geometry structure ship cabin, no ventilation pipe geometry structure ship cabin and monolayer geometry structure ship cabin as the research objects, to analyze the characteristics of fire in multi-layer structure through the comparison research on the flow field, oxygen concentration, the flame propagation speed and net heat flux among the above three structures;
This paper has done the research for cabin fire of bulk ship, which promotes new conception in this aspect. This research is supposed to provide reference to the tactics of fire prevention and elimination as well as people escapement for bulk ships and the similar type ships.

Keywords: bulk ship; cabin fire; large eddy simulation; entrainment motion; multi-layer structure




























目 錄
摘 要 1
ABSTRACT III
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 本文研究目的及意義 1
1.2國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
1.2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)方面 1
1.2.2 國(guó)外方面 2
1.3 研究?jī)?nèi)容與研究方法 3
1.4 本章小結(jié) 5
第2章 室內(nèi)燃燒的數(shù)學(xué)模型 6
2.1 大渦模擬及其控制方程 6
2.2 流體動(dòng)力學(xué)方程 9
2.2.1 基礎(chǔ)方程 9
2.2.2 低馬赫數(shù)假定和狀態(tài)方程 11
2.2.3 通過(guò)離散的質(zhì)量與能量聯(lián)合方程 12
2.2.4 動(dòng)量方程的簡(jiǎn)化 13
2.2.5 壓力方程（泊松方程） 14
2.3 燃燒數(shù)學(xué)模型 14
2.3.1 混合分?jǐn)?shù)燃燒模型 15
..