摘 要
作為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中不可缺少的動力裝置，異步電動機的高性能調(diào)速和智能化控制已成為該研究領(lǐng)域的研究熱點。直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制技術(shù)是繼矢量控制技術(shù)之后出現(xiàn)的又一種新型高性能交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)，其因控制手段直接，系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)快，魯棒性好，具有優(yōu)良的動、靜態(tài)特性等特點，受到了業(yè)界的廣泛關(guān)注。
本文首先介紹了交流調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展概況，然后分析了異步電動機的動態(tài)數(shù)學模型，接著詳細闡述了基本直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制原理。為了減小低速時磁鏈、轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動，本文引入了空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)；為了提高轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速的穩(wěn)定性，本文用模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法對轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速PI控制器進行優(yōu)化；為了節(jié)約系統(tǒng)成本，節(jié)省安裝空間，本文用模型參考自適應(yīng)算法對轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速進行估計，以實時跟蹤實際轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速。MATLAB/Simulink仿真結(jié)果表明本文的改進系統(tǒng)具有低脈動，小超調(diào)，高穩(wěn)態(tài)精度的優(yōu)點。
在仿真研究的基礎(chǔ)上，本文又完成了異步電動機直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)的軟、硬件設(shè)計。其中，硬件部分主要包括以TMS320F2812為核心的主電路，檢測電路和鍵盤顯示電路。軟件部分是基于CCS3.3平臺的C程序，主要包括主程序和中斷服務(wù)程序，其中直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制算法是在中斷服務(wù)程序中完成。最后，本文完成了異步電機的變頻調(diào)速實驗，實驗結(jié)果表明，本文所設(shè)計的控制方案能夠滿足高性能電機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的要求。


關(guān)鍵詞：異步電機；直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制；空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制；模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)；模型參考自適應(yīng)；TMS320F2812


















Abstract
As a kind of indispensable power equipment in modern industry, asynchronous motor with high-performance speed control and intelligent control which has become the research focus of researches in this area. Direct torque control is another new type of high performance AC variable frequency technology after vector control. It has been widespread concern in the industry because of its direct control means, fast system response, good robustness, and excellent dynamic and static characteristics.
Firstly, in this thesis, the development of AC speed regulating technology was reviewed. Then, it analyzed asynchronous motor’s dynamic mathematics model and elaborated the basic principle of direct torque control system. In order to reduce the flux and torque ripple of ac motor operating on low speed, the paper introduced the SVPWM technology. In order to improve the stability of rotor speed, the paper optimized the traditional PI controller by using the algorithm of fuzzy neural network. In order to save system costs and save installation space, the paper estimated rotor speed using MARS algorithm, which could real-time track the actual rotor speed. The results of simulation under Matlab/Simulink software environment validated that the improvement system in this paper has low ripples, small overshoot, and high stability advantages.
Based on the simulation, this paper completed the design of software and hardware of asynchronous motor direct torque control system, In Which, Hardware part mainly included main circuit with a core of TMS320F2812 MCU, detection circuit and keyboard display circuit, and software part were C codes depended on CCS3.3 platform, mainly including main program and interrupt service program, and the DTC algorithm was realized in the interrupt service program. Finally, asynchronous motor variable frequency speed regulation experiment was done in this paper. The experiment results show that the control scheme can be satisfied the requirements of high-performance motor speed regulation system.


Key words：Asynchronous motor; Direct torque control; SVPWM; Fuzzy neural network; MARS; TMS320F2812



目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT III
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 交流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展概況 1
1.1.1 交流電機變頻控制策略的發(fā)展 1
1.1.2 PWM調(diào)制技術(shù)的發(fā)展 2
1.1.3 無速度傳感器技術(shù)的發(fā)展 3
1.2 課題的研究背景及意義 5
1.3 論文研究的主要內(nèi)容及結(jié)構(gòu)安排 6
第2章 異步電機基本DTC系統(tǒng)的研究 7
2.1 異步電機數(shù)學模型 7
2.1.1 坐標變換 7
2.1.2 異步電機動態(tài)模型 9
2.2異步電機的基本直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制 10
2.2.1 直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制基本原理 10
2.2.2 異步電機基本DTC系統(tǒng) 12
2.3 基本DTC系統(tǒng)的仿真分析 13
2.4 本章小結(jié) 17
第3章 異步電機SVM-DTC系統(tǒng)的研究 18
3.1 參考電壓矢量 18
3.2 空間電壓矢量調(diào)制方案 20
3.2.1 參考電壓矢量扇區(qū)判斷 20
3.2.2 基本電壓矢量作用時間 22
3.2.3 基本電壓矢量作用順序 23
3.3 SVM_DTC系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)和仿真分析 26
3.4 本章小結(jié) 29
第4章 異步電機直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)的智能化研究 30
4.1模糊控制理論 30
4.2模糊神經(jīng)控制理論 31
4.3模糊神經(jīng)PI控制器 33
4.4 智能DTC系統(tǒng)仿真分析 35
4.5 本章小結(jié) 38
第5章 MARS無速度傳感器的研究 39
5.1 模型參考自適應(yīng)法 39
5.1.1 參考模型和可調(diào)模型 39
5.1.2 自適應(yīng)律 40
5.2 MARS無速度傳感器仿真 44
5.3 本章小結(jié) 46
第6章 異步電機DTC調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn) 47
6.1 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計 47
6.1.1 整流逆變電路 47
6.1.2 驅(qū)動電路 48
6.1.3 過流保護電路 50
6.1.4 定子電壓檢測電路 51
6.1.5 定子電流檢測電路 51
6.1.6 轉(zhuǎn)子速度檢測電路 52
6.1.7鍵盤、顯示電路 53
6.2 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計 53
6.2.1 初始化程序 54
6.2.2 鍵盤、顯示程序 55
6.2.3 保護程序 56
6.2.4 定時器1中斷程序 56
6.2.5 定時器3中斷程序 57
6.3 實驗結(jié)果及分析 59
6.4 本章小結(jié) 61
總結(jié)與展望 63
參..