液壓式壓茶機的設計

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目  錄
摘  要 2
Abstract 3
第一章  緒論 4
1.1選題的意義 4
1.1.1茶葉的成分 4
1.1.2緊壓茶的具體分類 4
1.1.3緊壓茶的歷史 7
1.1.4本文研究的主要意義 7
1.2液壓技術的發(fā)展和應用 8
第二章  液壓式壓茶機的工作原理 10
2.1壓茶機工作原理 10
2.2液壓機的工作循環(huán) 11
第三章  壓茶機主要部件的設計 16
3.1壓茶機結構選擇 16
3.2壓茶機體及主要部件的設計 16
3.2.1壓茶機主要參數的確定 16
3.2.2壓茶機零部件初步設計 17
3.2.2.1上橫梁結構設計 17
3.2.2.2上橫梁的強度計算 18
3.2.2.3下橫梁的設計、計算和效核 22
3.2.3壓茶機油缸的設計 24
3.3下模（擠壓筒）的結構形式 29
3.3.1擠壓筒尺寸計算和強度校核 30
3.3.2擠壓筒的合理使用： 31
3.4上模（擠壓軸）的設計 31
3.4.1結構設計 31
3.4.2擠壓軸的尺寸計算與強度的校核 32
第四章  壓茶機液壓系統(tǒng)及元件的設計 34
4.1液壓系統(tǒng)原理 34
4.2壓茶機液壓系統(tǒng)中液壓件的選擇和計算： 36
第五章  結論 38
致 謝 39
參考文獻 40

 
摘  要
液壓傳動和氣壓傳動稱為流體傳動，是根據17世紀帕斯卡提出的液體靜壓力傳動原理而發(fā)展起來的一門新興技術，是工農業(yè)生產中廣為應用的一門技術。如今，流體傳動技術水平的高低已成為一個國家工業(yè)發(fā)展水平的重要標志。
液壓傳動有許多突出的優(yōu)點，因此它的應用非常廣泛，如一般工。業(yè)用的塑料加工機械、壓力機械、機床等；行走機械中的工程機械、建筑機械、農業(yè)機械、汽車等；鋼鐵工業(yè)用的冶金機械、提升裝置、軋輥調整裝置等；土木水利工程用的防洪閘門及堤壩裝置、河床升降裝置、橋梁操縱機構等；發(fā)電廠渦輪機調速裝置、核發(fā)電廠等國；船舶用的甲板起重機械(絞車)、船頭門、艙壁閥、船尾推進器等；特殊技術用的巨型天線控制裝置、測量浮標、升降旋轉舞臺等；軍事工業(yè)用的火炮操縱裝置、船舶減搖裝置、飛行器仿真、飛機起落架的收放裝置和方向舵控制裝置等。
液壓傳動的基本原理是在密閉的容器內，利用有壓力的油液作為工作介質來實現能量轉換和傳遞動力的。其中的液體稱為工作介質，一般為礦物油，它的作用和機械傳動中的皮帶、鏈條和齒輪等傳動元件相類似。在液壓傳動中，液壓油缸就是一個最簡單而又比較完整的液壓傳動系統(tǒng)，分析它的工作過程，可以清楚的了解液壓傳動的基本原理.液壓傳動系統(tǒng)的組成
液壓傳動的優(yōu)點：(1)體積小、重量輕，因此慣性力較小，當突然過載或停車時，不會發(fā)生大的沖擊；(2)能在給定范圍內平穩(wěn)的自動調節(jié)牽引速度，并可實現無極調速；(3)換向容易，在不改變電機旋轉方向的情況下，可以較方便地實現工作機構旋轉和直線往復運動的轉換；(4)液壓泵和液壓馬達之間用油管連接，在空間布置上彼此不受嚴格限制；(5)由于采用油液為工作介質，元件相對運動表面間能自行潤滑，磨損小，使用壽命長；(6)操縱控制簡便，自動化程度高；(7)容易實現過載保護。
通過對分析液壓壓茶機的國內外生產及研究現狀，確定了本論文的主要設計內容。在確定了壓茶機初步設計方案后，采用了傳統(tǒng)設計方法對130T液壓壓茶機機身結構進行設計計算及強度校核，并采用AutoCAD設計軟件對上橫梁、底座、液壓缸、活動橫梁、擠壓筒、擠壓軸、立柱及總裝圖進行了工程繪圖，在參考了某公司生產的三梁四柱式液壓墻體壓磚機機液壓系統(tǒng)以及查閱了有關關于液壓系統(tǒng)設計的書籍后，確定了液壓傳動控制系統(tǒng)的設計方案，繪制了液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖，設計了液壓系統(tǒng)的工作說明書，并對其進行了可行性分析，最后對整個設計進行系統(tǒng)分析，得出整個設計切實可行。
關鍵詞：液壓傳動控制系統(tǒng)；壓茶機；機身結構
 
Abstract
Hydraulic transmission and pneumatic transmission fluid transmission is called, is put forward according to the seventeenth century PASCAL liquid static pressure transmission principle and developed a new technology, it is widely applied in industrial and agricultural production of a technology. Now, fluid drive technology of level has become a national industrial development level of important symbol.
Hydraulic transmission has many outstanding qualities, so it's very extensive, such as general work. Industry of plastic processing machinery, with pressure machinery, machine tools; Walking in the mechanical engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobile, etc.; Steel industrial metallurgy mechanical, improve device, roll adjusting device, etc.; With the flood control engineering, asce, the gates and the dam device, lifting devices river bridge, manipulated mechanism, etc.; Power plant turbines control device, nuclear power plant and other countries; The deck of the ship in hoisting machinery (winch), the bow to the door, the bulkhead valve, the stern thrusters, etc.; Special technology giant antenna with control devices, measuring buoy, lift revolving stage, etc.; Military industrial gun control devices, ship roll reduction device, aircraft simulation, the plane landing gear device and rudder control devices, etc.
The basic principle of hydraulic drive is in an airtight container inside, use pressure oil as medium to realize the energy conversion and transfer of power. The liquid called work medium, generally for mineral oil, the role of the mechanical transmission belt, and the chain and gears and transmission components are similar.
Hydraulic system mainly by the: power components (oil), actuators (oil cylinder or hydraulic motor), the control elements (all the), auxiliary components and working medium five parts.
1) power components (oil) its role is to bring the liquid use mover mechanical energy converted into hydraulic pressure can; Is the power of hydraulic drive. 2) actuators (oil cylinder, hydraulic motor) it is a liquid hydraulic can convert into mechanical energy. Among them, the oil cylinder do linear motion, the motor do rotation movement. 3) the control elements including pressure valve, flow valves and direction valves, etc. Their role is according to need to adjust the motive of the liquid stepless speed, and to work in hydraulic system of the liquid pressure, flow and flow to adjust control. 4) auxiliary components in addition to the above three parts other than components, including the pressure gauge, oil filters, energy storage device, cooler, pipe and fuel tank and so on, they also is very important. 5) working medium medium means all types of hydraulic transmission of the hydraulic oil or emulsion, it passes through the oil pump and liquid motivation realize energy conversion.
Through to the analysis of the hydraulic press tea machine production and research situation at home and abroad, determined the main content of this topic design. In determining the pressure brick machine preliminary design scheme, used the traditional design method of hydraulic pressure of 130 T tea machine design and calculate the body structure and strength check, and using AutoCAD software to design the beams, the base, stretching the slider and press edge the slider, stretching cylinder, pillar and assembly drawing the engineering drawing, in reference to the a company produced four beam four pillar type hydraulic pressure wall brick conveying rate of hydraulic system and access to the hydraulic system of books about design, determined the hydraulic drive control system, the design of the hydraulic system to draw the principle diagram, the design of the hydraulic system, and analyses the feasibility analysis, the final design of the whole system are analyzed, and concluded that the whole design is feasible.
Key words: Hydraulic drive control system; press tea machine; body structure