谷物收集小車的設(shè)計(jì)
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目   錄
目   錄  1
設(shè)計(jì)總說(shuō)明 3
Design Instruction 4
1 前  言 6
1.1 設(shè)計(jì)背景與意義 6
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外谷物收集機(jī)械的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 6
1.3 本機(jī)器主要優(yōu)點(diǎn) 7
1.4 本課題要完成的任務(wù) 7
2 谷物收集小車總體方案的設(shè)計(jì) 8
2.1 谷物收集小車清掃與揚(yáng)谷機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)方案 8
3 谷物收集小車整體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 9
3.1 谷物收集小車的總體結(jié)構(gòu) 9
3.2 揚(yáng)谷機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu) 9
3.3 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) 11
3.4 動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) 11
3.5 控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) 11
4 谷物收集小車基本參數(shù)的選擇與計(jì)算 12
4.1 谷物收集小車的基本尺寸與參數(shù) 12
4.2掃輪轉(zhuǎn)速的計(jì)算 16
4.3谷物手機(jī)小車主要技術(shù)指標(biāo) 16
5 帶傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 17
5.1帶傳動(dòng)類型與結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇 17
5.2帶傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì) 18
6 絞龍軸的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 21
6.1 絞龍的選型 21
6.2 絞龍的工作原理 21
6.3絞龍的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)分析 21
6.4軸的材料與許用應(yīng)力 24
6.5設(shè)計(jì)軸的結(jié)構(gòu)并繪制軸的結(jié)構(gòu)草圖 25
6.6按扭轉(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度校核軸徑 26
7標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件選型與校核 28
7.1軸承的選擇驗(yàn)算尺寸 28
7.2鍵的選用與校核計(jì)算 29
8 產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)與市場(chǎng)前景 30
8.1（本設(shè)計(jì)）谷物收集小車的特點(diǎn) 30
8.2 谷物收集小車的市場(chǎng)前景 30
總 結(jié) 31
致 謝 32
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 33

谷物收集小車的設(shè)計(jì)（汽油機(jī)）
設(shè)計(jì)總說(shuō)明
農(nóng)業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的水平和農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的高低, 決定了農(nóng)業(yè)為其他部門提供剩余產(chǎn)品和勞動(dòng)力的數(shù)量, 進(jìn)而制約著這些部門的發(fā)展規(guī)模和速度。只有農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展了, 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)其他部門才能得以進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。而農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的中心環(huán)節(jié), 并配合農(nóng)業(yè)生物等農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù), 成為發(fā)揮增產(chǎn)作用的基本手段和提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、減輕繁重體力勞動(dòng)的必要條件和根本途徑, 從而帶來(lái)生產(chǎn)力的質(zhì)的飛躍。
糧食收獲后要經(jīng)過(guò)脫粒、晾曬、貯存、運(yùn)輸、加工、消費(fèi)等過(guò)程，其中谷物的晾曬是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中重要的步驟，也是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化的重要組成部分。目前在我國(guó)，谷物的晾曬幾乎完全是人工操作，勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高，且勞動(dòng)效率很低，部分谷物來(lái)不及晾曬或未達(dá)到安全水分造成霉變、發(fā)芽等，我國(guó)每年因此而損失的糧食高達(dá)5％，從這一意義上說(shuō)，谷物晾曬的機(jī)械化比田間作業(yè)的機(jī)械化更為重要，它能最大限度減少損失，是谷物豐產(chǎn)、豐收的重要保障條件。
按傳統(tǒng)方法，谷物晾曬的工作主要有：掃、攤、翻、收、集、撮、灌。其中谷物的收集是勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度最大，最耗時(shí)間的部分，包括：掃、收、集、撮、灌，所以農(nóng)村現(xiàn)在急需一種小型谷物收集機(jī)械來(lái)縮短谷物收集的時(shí)間，進(jìn)而提高谷物晾曬的效率。為此我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)選題為“谷物收集小車的設(shè)計(jì)”， 谷物收集小車以動(dòng)力機(jī)械代替人工來(lái)收集谷物，清掃與裝袋同時(shí)進(jìn)行，可以大量減少時(shí)間，節(jié)省人力，從根本上改變曬場(chǎng)的工作狀態(tài)。
本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，通過(guò)對(duì)當(dāng)前農(nóng)村農(nóng)機(jī)使用情況的調(diào)查，我發(fā)現(xiàn)用汽油機(jī)帶動(dòng)的脫粒機(jī)在農(nóng)村已廣泛應(yīng)用，且有部分機(jī)構(gòu)可以拿來(lái)借鑒。由于本課題也是指導(dǎo)老師與吉水贛中機(jī)械制造廠的一個(gè)合作項(xiàng)目，該廠主要是生產(chǎn)脫粒機(jī)，所以我在理論設(shè)計(jì)完成后便到該廠進(jìn)行樣車制作，在老師的耐心指導(dǎo)和廠家的大力支持下，我把理論轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)踐，克服重重困難，終于完成了樣車的制作，并進(jìn)行了多次改進(jìn)，現(xiàn)在各項(xiàng)功能已基本達(dá)預(yù)期效果。
谷物收集小車主要由清掃機(jī)構(gòu)、揚(yáng)谷機(jī)構(gòu)、提升機(jī)構(gòu)、行走部件、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、機(jī)架及其他部件構(gòu)成。由于采用了可調(diào)整位置的動(dòng)力安裝架，動(dòng)力機(jī)既可以采用直流電動(dòng)機(jī)也可以采用小型汽油機(jī)，本設(shè)計(jì)主要以電動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)；傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)主要采用帶傳動(dòng)，使用齒輪傳動(dòng)來(lái)?yè)Q向；清掃機(jī)構(gòu)是整車的關(guān)鍵，為防止清掃不干凈，我在小車前后設(shè)置兩個(gè)掃輪，前掃輪由毛刷與刮板組成，用于谷物的初掃，后掃輪則只用毛刷，用于清掃殘留谷物；揚(yáng)谷機(jī)構(gòu)借鑒現(xiàn)有脫粒機(jī)上的揚(yáng)谷機(jī)構(gòu)，該機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)很成熟，性能穩(wěn)定。
關(guān)鍵詞：谷物收集小車，節(jié)省人力，電動(dòng)，清掃機(jī)構(gòu)
Design Instruction
Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy，Agricultural productive force development level and agricultural labor productivity height decide for other department of agricultural products and provide the number of surplus labor，then restricts the development of these departments scale and speed . Only the agricultural development, national economic other department can be further development . And agricultural mechanization is the central link of agriculture modernization, it cooperates with agriculture and biology Agriculture technology ,it have become the basic means of increasing production,the necessary conditions and fundamental way of Improving labor productivity and reducing numerous hard physical labor, then bring productivity qualitative leap.
After harvesting grain, the grain need to go through the process such as threshing, air is basked in, storage, transportation, processing and consumption and other process. Air is basked in is a important as well as process as well as key link in agricultural production among them,and it is a important part to achieve food production journey mechanization.Now,in our country, Grain drying almost completely depends on artificially operation,this method needs high labor intensity and its labor efficiency is very low,some grain which are too late to air or fail to achieve safe moisture will mildew or sprout,because of these,our country loss of 5% grain. From this point, grain drying of mechanization is more important than the field of mechanization homework, it can maximize reduce the loss,it is a important security conditions to grain harvest.
According to the traditional methods,the main work of grain drying are esau, booth, turns, accept, set, pinch, fills. Grain collection needs more labor and time than other methods,it includes esau, harvesting, set, pinch, fills.so my graduation design topic is the design of grain collecting car.It uses power machinery Instead of artificially to collect grain , cleaning and bagging at the same time.This can save lots of time and fundamentally change the green coffees which working condition,this also can reduce costs.
During the graduation design process, I have surveyed the current farm machinery market, I find that driven by gasoline engine threshers are widely used in rural,and some part institutions can bring in for reference. After guiding teacher's recommendation,I practised a half month in a agricultural machine factory inJiShui. Under the support of the manufacturer, I put theory into practice and I have made a prototype,I undertook improvement, each function has reached the ideal effect .
Grain collecting car is mainly made of Cleaning the institutions, lifting up institution, hoisting mechanism, walking components, transmission system, power system, control system and frame and other components.Due to using adjustable dynamic mounts, Power can be used both dc machines and small gasoline engine. This design is mainly motor design for power, the transmission system mainly use the belt, Using gear transmission to reversing. Cleaning the agency is the key to the vehicle. To prevent to fail to swepting clean, I set the two sweep chakra in the front of the car and the rear of the car.The front wheel is make up of brush and scraper,it is used to grain initial sweep rear wheel is just make up of brush,it is used to clean the residual grain, lifting up institution is familiar with the lifting up institution which have been used in threshers,this institution is very mature and stable performance.
Keywords: Grain collecting machine ； labor-saving ；electric ；Cleaning institutions