谷物收集小車的設(shè)計
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目   錄
目   錄  1
設(shè)計總說明 3
Design Instruction 4
1 前  言 6
1.1 設(shè)計背景與意義 6
1.2 國內(nèi)外谷物收集機械的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢 6
1.3 本機器主要優(yōu)點 7
1.4 本課題要完成的任務(wù) 7
2 谷物收集小車總體方案的設(shè)計 8
2.1 谷物收集小車清掃與揚谷機構(gòu)的設(shè)計方案 8
3 谷物收集小車整體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計 9
3.1 谷物收集小車的總體結(jié)構(gòu) 9
3.2 揚谷機構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu) 9
3.3 傳動系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) 11
3.4 動力系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) 11
3.5 控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) 11
4 谷物收集小車基本參數(shù)的選擇與計算 12
4.1 谷物收集小車的基本尺寸與參數(shù) 12
4.2掃輪轉(zhuǎn)速的計算 16
4.3谷物手機小車主要技術(shù)指標(biāo) 16
5 帶傳動的設(shè)計計算 17
5.1帶傳動類型與結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇 17
5.2帶傳動的設(shè)計 18
6 絞龍軸的設(shè)計與校核 21
6.1 絞龍的選型 21
6.2 絞龍的工作原理 21
6.3絞龍的設(shè)計參數(shù)分析 21
6.4軸的材料與許用應(yīng)力 24
6.5設(shè)計軸的結(jié)構(gòu)并繪制軸的結(jié)構(gòu)草圖 25
6.6按扭轉(zhuǎn)強度校核軸徑 26
7標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件選型與校核 28
7.1軸承的選擇驗算尺寸 28
7.2鍵的選用與校核計算 29
8 產(chǎn)品特點與市場前景 30
8.1（本設(shè)計）谷物收集小車的特點 30
8.2 谷物收集小車的市場前景 30
總 結(jié) 31
致 謝 32
參 考 文 獻 33

谷物收集小車的設(shè)計（汽油機）
設(shè)計總說明
農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ)，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的水平和農(nóng)業(yè)勞動生產(chǎn)率的高低, 決定了農(nóng)業(yè)為其他部門提供剩余產(chǎn)品和勞動力的數(shù)量, 進而制約著這些部門的發(fā)展規(guī)模和速度。只有農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展了, 國民經(jīng)濟其他部門才能得以進一步的發(fā)展。而農(nóng)業(yè)機械化是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的中心環(huán)節(jié), 并配合農(nóng)業(yè)生物等農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù), 成為發(fā)揮增產(chǎn)作用的基本手段和提高勞動生產(chǎn)率、減輕繁重體力勞動的必要條件和根本途徑, 從而帶來生產(chǎn)力的質(zhì)的飛躍。
糧食收獲后要經(jīng)過脫粒、晾曬、貯存、運輸、加工、消費等過程，其中谷物的晾曬是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中重要的步驟，也是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，是實現(xiàn)糧食生產(chǎn)全程機械化的重要組成部分。目前在我國，谷物的晾曬幾乎完全是人工操作，勞動強度高，且勞動效率很低，部分谷物來不及晾曬或未達到安全水分造成霉變、發(fā)芽等，我國每年因此而損失的糧食高達5％，從這一意義上說，谷物晾曬的機械化比田間作業(yè)的機械化更為重要，它能最大限度減少損失，是谷物豐產(chǎn)、豐收的重要保障條件。
按傳統(tǒng)方法，谷物晾曬的工作主要有：掃、攤、翻、收、集、撮、灌。其中谷物的收集是勞動強度最大，最耗時間的部分，包括：掃、收、集、撮、灌，所以農(nóng)村現(xiàn)在急需一種小型谷物收集機械來縮短谷物收集的時間，進而提高谷物晾曬的效率。為此我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計選題為“谷物收集小車的設(shè)計”， 谷物收集小車以動力機械代替人工來收集谷物，清掃與裝袋同時進行，可以大量減少時間，節(jié)省人力，從根本上改變曬場的工作狀態(tài)。
本畢業(yè)設(shè)計過程中，通過對當(dāng)前農(nóng)村農(nóng)機使用情況的調(diào)查，我發(fā)現(xiàn)用汽油機帶動的脫粒機在農(nóng)村已廣泛應(yīng)用，且有部分機構(gòu)可以拿來借鑒。由于本課題也是指導(dǎo)老師與吉水贛中機械制造廠的一個合作項目，該廠主要是生產(chǎn)脫粒機，所以我在理論設(shè)計完成后便到該廠進行樣車制作，在老師的耐心指導(dǎo)和廠家的大力支持下，我把理論轉(zhuǎn)化為實踐，克服重重困難，終于完成了樣車的制作，并進行了多次改進，現(xiàn)在各項功能已基本達預(yù)期效果。
谷物收集小車主要由清掃機構(gòu)、揚谷機構(gòu)、提升機構(gòu)、行走部件、傳動系統(tǒng)、動力系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、機架及其他部件構(gòu)成。由于采用了可調(diào)整位置的動力安裝架，動力機既可以采用直流電動機也可以采用小型汽油機，本設(shè)計主要以電動機為動力進行設(shè)計；傳動系統(tǒng)主要采用帶傳動，使用齒輪傳動來換向；清掃機構(gòu)是整車的關(guān)鍵，為防止清掃不干凈，我在小車前后設(shè)置兩個掃輪，前掃輪由毛刷與刮板組成，用于谷物的初掃，后掃輪則只用毛刷，用于清掃殘留谷物；揚谷機構(gòu)借鑒現(xiàn)有脫粒機上的揚谷機構(gòu)，該機構(gòu)已經(jīng)很成熟，性能穩(wěn)定。
關(guān)鍵詞：谷物收集小車，節(jié)省人力，電動，清掃機構(gòu)
Design Instruction
Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy，Agricultural productive force development level and agricultural labor productivity height decide for other department of agricultural products and provide the number of surplus labor，then restricts the development of these departments scale and speed . Only the agricultural development, national economic other department can be further development . And agricultural mechanization is the central link of agriculture modernization, it cooperates with agriculture and biology Agriculture technology ,it have become the basic means of increasing production,the necessary conditions and fundamental way of Improving labor productivity and reducing numerous hard physical labor, then bring productivity qualitative leap.
After harvesting grain, the grain need to go through the process such as threshing, air is basked in, storage, transportation, processing and consumption and other process. Air is basked in is a important as well as process as well as key link in agricultural production among them,and it is a important part to achieve food production journey mechanization.Now,in our country, Grain drying almost completely depends on artificially operation,this method needs high labor intensity and its labor efficiency is very low,some grain which are too late to air or fail to achieve safe moisture will mildew or sprout,because of these,our country loss of 5% grain. From this point, grain drying of mechanization is more important than the field of mechanization homework, it can maximize reduce the loss,it is a important security conditions to grain harvest.
According to the traditional methods,the main work of grain drying are esau, booth, turns, accept, set, pinch, fills. Grain collection needs more labor and time than other methods,it includes esau, harvesting, set, pinch, fills.so my graduation design topic is the design of grain collecting car.It uses power machinery Instead of artificially to collect grain , cleaning and bagging at the same time.This can save lots of time and fundamentally change the green coffees which working condition,this also can reduce costs.
During the graduation design process, I have surveyed the current farm machinery market, I find that driven by gasoline engine threshers are widely used in rural,and some part institutions can bring in for reference. After guiding teacher's recommendation,I practised a half month in a agricultural machine factory inJiShui. Under the support of the manufacturer, I put theory into practice and I have made a prototype,I undertook improvement, each function has reached the ideal effect .
Grain collecting car is mainly made of Cleaning the institutions, lifting up institution, hoisting mechanism, walking components, transmission system, power system, control system and frame and other components.Due to using adjustable dynamic mounts, Power can be used both dc machines and small gasoline engine. This design is mainly motor design for power, the transmission system mainly use the belt, Using gear transmission to reversing. Cleaning the agency is the key to the vehicle. To prevent to fail to swepting clean, I set the two sweep chakra in the front of the car and the rear of the car.The front wheel is make up of brush and scraper,it is used to grain initial sweep rear wheel is just make up of brush,it is used to clean the residual grain, lifting up institution is familiar with the lifting up institution which have been used in threshers,this institution is very mature and stable performance.
Keywords: Grain collecting machine ； labor-saving ；electric ；Cleaning institutions