汽車零部件.doc
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汽車零部件,摘要當今汽車行業(yè)競爭十分激烈，整車廠商的利潤逐漸下滑，如何有效地降低成本提高利潤，在競爭中立于不敗之地，值得深思。汽車行業(yè)中零部件采購成本約占整車生產(chǎn)成本的60%左右， 因此，研究如何降低采購成本顯得十分必要。聯(lián)合采購通過規(guī)模效益，可以有效地降低采購成本。本文對聯(lián)合采購在汽車行業(yè)零部件采購中的應用進行深入的探...
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摘 要
當今汽車行業(yè)競爭十分激烈，整車廠商的利潤逐漸下滑，如何有效地降低成本提高利潤，在競爭中立于不敗之地，值得深思。汽車行業(yè)中零部件采購成本約占整車生產(chǎn)成本的60%左右， 因此，研究如何降低汽車零部件采購成本顯得十分必要。聯(lián)合采購通過規(guī)模效益，可以有效地降低采購成本。本文對聯(lián)合采購在汽車行業(yè)零部件采購中的應用進行深入的探討，主要研究內容如下：
（1）在界定聯(lián)合采購的概念，闡述聯(lián)合采購作用以及基本模式的基礎上，從宏觀與微觀兩方面總結了實施聯(lián)合采購所需要的條件，在此基礎上深入分析了聯(lián)合采購在汽車行業(yè)零部件采購中的可行性。通過對零部件采供特點及采購趨勢的分析，得出聯(lián)合采購將會成為未來的一種趨勢，并將汽車行業(yè)已經(jīng)具備的條件與聯(lián)合采購所需要的條件相對照，論證了汽車零部件進行聯(lián)合采購是可行的。
（2）構架了汽車零部件實施聯(lián)合采購的過程模型。通過對汽車零部件進程分類分析，確定了適合聯(lián)合采購的零部件，并針對需要進行聯(lián)合采購的零部件來選擇合作伙伴，進而確定了聯(lián)合采購的范圍；制定了整車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)采購訂單流程，通過合并訂單實行聯(lián)合采購，并對訂單的執(zhí)行進行跟蹤管理；設計了汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購的運作流程；利用績效差距分析法對聯(lián)合采購的實施效果進行了評估；最后對客車制造業(yè)聯(lián)合采購的實例進行簡要分析，證實了聯(lián)合采購的功效。
（3）構建了合作伙伴的評價指標體系，分別采用基于熵的TOPSIS法和綜合選擇法對聯(lián)盟成員伙伴與供應商選擇進行研究；利用基于Shapley值法的綜合因子修正法對聯(lián)合采購聯(lián)盟成員的利益進行了合理分配。
關鍵詞 汽車零部件；聯(lián)合采購；采購聯(lián)盟；合作伙伴；利益分配
Abstract
At present, there is a very furious competition in auto industry, auto manufacturers’ profits are also sliding gradually. So, it deserves us making a brown study on how to reduce the cost effectively and improve profit quickly to help auto manufacturer make an indefectible station in competition. In auto line, purchasing cost of auto parts occupies about 60% of the total cost in vehicle manufacturing. Therefore, it is indispensable to study on how to reduce the cost of auto parts purchasing. Joint purchasing can reduce purchasing cost effectively by using scale-benefit. This paper focuses on the application of joint purchasing in auto parts as follows:
(1) On the base of defining conception of joint purchasing and expatiating function and model of joint purchasing, the paper summarizes the conditions of executing joint purchasing macroscopically and microcosmically. Then we make a deep analysis of feasibility of joint purchasing in parts purchasing of auto industry. Through the analysis of the characteristics and the trend of auto parts purchasing, the paper makes a conclusion that the joint purchasing is becoming the future trend. It is demonstrated that the joint purchasing for auto parts is feasible through comparing the conditions required between auto industry and joint purchasing.
(2) It designs an operational model of auto parts joint purchasing. Through the analysis of the classification of automobile components, we obtained that some automobile parts fit for joint purchasing. We determine the joint purchasing scope and choose cooperative partners in the light of the auto parts which needed to purchase with joint purchasing. The paper formulates the vehicle produce enterprise purchasing order process; through unite orders, then executing joint purchase order. At last, we track and manage the implement situation of joint purchasing. It designs the auto parts joint purchasing operate process. The paper uses the performance gap analysis to eva luate the effects of execution of the joint purchasing. At last, it demonstrated that joint purchasing is useful through a simple analysis of an example of joint purchasing in passenger car.
(3) The paper constructs value index system of cooperate partners. It adopts TOPSIS method based on entropy to select alliance member and uses synthetic select method to choose auto parts supplier. In order to make a sensible benefit assignment for alliance members, we use a method which is called synthetic factors modify that based on Shapley.
Key words auto parts; joint purchasing; purchasing consortia; cooperative partner; benefit assignment
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1研究的背景及意義 1
1.1.1研究背景 1
1.1.2研究意義 1
1.2國內、外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1汽車零部件采購的研究 2
1.2.2聯(lián)合采購的研究 4
1.2.3汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購的研究 7
1.3研究內容、方法及創(chuàng)新點 7
第2章 聯(lián)合采購的概念、作用及條件 9
2.1聯(lián)合采購的概念 9
2.1.1 采購的概念 9
2.1.2 聯(lián)合采購的概念 11
2.2聯(lián)合采購的作用 12
2.3聯(lián)合采購的基本模式 13
2.4聯(lián)合采購的條件 14
2.4.1 宏觀條件 14
2.4.2 微觀條件 15
2.5 本章小結 16
第3章 汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購的可行性 17
3.1 汽車零部件的采供特點 17
3.1.1 汽車零部件的定義 17
3.1.2 汽車零部件的采供特點 18
3.1.3 汽車零部件的采購趨勢 20
3.2 汽車行業(yè)具備零部件聯(lián)合采購的條件 21
3.2.1 外部條件 21
3.2.2 內部條件 22
3.3 本章小結 23
第4章 汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購的實施 24
4.1 確定應用范圍 24
4.1.1 選擇適當零部件 24
4.1.2 選擇合作伙伴 25
4.2 設計運作方案 26
4.2.1 制定采購訂單 26 -br..
當今汽車行業(yè)競爭十分激烈，整車廠商的利潤逐漸下滑，如何有效地降低成本提高利潤，在競爭中立于不敗之地，值得深思。汽車行業(yè)中零部件采購成本約占整車生產(chǎn)成本的60%左右， 因此，研究如何降低汽車零部件采購成本顯得十分必要。聯(lián)合采購通過規(guī)模效益，可以有效地降低采購成本。本文對聯(lián)合采購在汽車行業(yè)零部件采購中的應用進行深入的探討，主要研究內容如下：
（1）在界定聯(lián)合采購的概念，闡述聯(lián)合采購作用以及基本模式的基礎上，從宏觀與微觀兩方面總結了實施聯(lián)合采購所需要的條件，在此基礎上深入分析了聯(lián)合采購在汽車行業(yè)零部件采購中的可行性。通過對零部件采供特點及采購趨勢的分析，得出聯(lián)合采購將會成為未來的一種趨勢，并將汽車行業(yè)已經(jīng)具備的條件與聯(lián)合采購所需要的條件相對照，論證了汽車零部件進行聯(lián)合采購是可行的。
（2）構架了汽車零部件實施聯(lián)合采購的過程模型。通過對汽車零部件進程分類分析，確定了適合聯(lián)合采購的零部件，并針對需要進行聯(lián)合采購的零部件來選擇合作伙伴，進而確定了聯(lián)合采購的范圍；制定了整車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)采購訂單流程，通過合并訂單實行聯(lián)合采購，并對訂單的執(zhí)行進行跟蹤管理；設計了汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購的運作流程；利用績效差距分析法對聯(lián)合采購的實施效果進行了評估；最后對客車制造業(yè)聯(lián)合采購的實例進行簡要分析，證實了聯(lián)合采購的功效。
（3）構建了合作伙伴的評價指標體系，分別采用基于熵的TOPSIS法和綜合選擇法對聯(lián)盟成員伙伴與供應商選擇進行研究；利用基于Shapley值法的綜合因子修正法對聯(lián)合采購聯(lián)盟成員的利益進行了合理分配。
關鍵詞 汽車零部件；聯(lián)合采購；采購聯(lián)盟；合作伙伴；利益分配
Abstract
At present, there is a very furious competition in auto industry, auto manufacturers’ profits are also sliding gradually. So, it deserves us making a brown study on how to reduce the cost effectively and improve profit quickly to help auto manufacturer make an indefectible station in competition. In auto line, purchasing cost of auto parts occupies about 60% of the total cost in vehicle manufacturing. Therefore, it is indispensable to study on how to reduce the cost of auto parts purchasing. Joint purchasing can reduce purchasing cost effectively by using scale-benefit. This paper focuses on the application of joint purchasing in auto parts as follows:
(1) On the base of defining conception of joint purchasing and expatiating function and model of joint purchasing, the paper summarizes the conditions of executing joint purchasing macroscopically and microcosmically. Then we make a deep analysis of feasibility of joint purchasing in parts purchasing of auto industry. Through the analysis of the characteristics and the trend of auto parts purchasing, the paper makes a conclusion that the joint purchasing is becoming the future trend. It is demonstrated that the joint purchasing for auto parts is feasible through comparing the conditions required between auto industry and joint purchasing.
(2) It designs an operational model of auto parts joint purchasing. Through the analysis of the classification of automobile components, we obtained that some automobile parts fit for joint purchasing. We determine the joint purchasing scope and choose cooperative partners in the light of the auto parts which needed to purchase with joint purchasing. The paper formulates the vehicle produce enterprise purchasing order process; through unite orders, then executing joint purchase order. At last, we track and manage the implement situation of joint purchasing. It designs the auto parts joint purchasing operate process. The paper uses the performance gap analysis to eva luate the effects of execution of the joint purchasing. At last, it demonstrated that joint purchasing is useful through a simple analysis of an example of joint purchasing in passenger car.
(3) The paper constructs value index system of cooperate partners. It adopts TOPSIS method based on entropy to select alliance member and uses synthetic select method to choose auto parts supplier. In order to make a sensible benefit assignment for alliance members, we use a method which is called synthetic factors modify that based on Shapley.
Key words auto parts; joint purchasing; purchasing consortia; cooperative partner; benefit assignment
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1研究的背景及意義 1
1.1.1研究背景 1
1.1.2研究意義 1
1.2國內、外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1汽車零部件采購的研究 2
1.2.2聯(lián)合采購的研究 4
1.2.3汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購的研究 7
1.3研究內容、方法及創(chuàng)新點 7
第2章 聯(lián)合采購的概念、作用及條件 9
2.1聯(lián)合采購的概念 9
2.1.1 采購的概念 9
2.1.2 聯(lián)合采購的概念 11
2.2聯(lián)合采購的作用 12
2.3聯(lián)合采購的基本模式 13
2.4聯(lián)合采購的條件 14
2.4.1 宏觀條件 14
2.4.2 微觀條件 15
2.5 本章小結 16
第3章 汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購的可行性 17
3.1 汽車零部件的采供特點 17
3.1.1 汽車零部件的定義 17
3.1.2 汽車零部件的采供特點 18
3.1.3 汽車零部件的采購趨勢 20
3.2 汽車行業(yè)具備零部件聯(lián)合采購的條件 21
3.2.1 外部條件 21
3.2.2 內部條件 22
3.3 本章小結 23
第4章 汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購的實施 24
4.1 確定應用范圍 24
4.1.1 選擇適當零部件 24
4.1.2 選擇合作伙伴 25
4.2 設計運作方案 26
4.2.1 制定采購訂單 26 -br..
