丙醇對(duì)絲綿的脫油工藝研究.doc
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丙醇對(duì)絲綿的脫油工藝研究,《對(duì)絲綿的脫油工藝研究》 優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)論文 共25頁(yè) 14943字摘要絲綿片是用下腳繭和繅絲中途落緒后不能繼續(xù)繅絲的厚皮繭、蛹襯等繭層加工成的薄片綿張。在蠶絲被的絲綿制作過(guò)程中,蠶繭經(jīng)水煮后,蠶蛹的部分蛹油會(huì)滲透到繭層中;另外,由于操作過(guò)程會(huì)出現(xiàn)蠶蛹被壓破的情況,致使蛹油被蠶絲部分吸收。絲綿含油率高,絲綿的回彈性就差,并且...
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《對(duì)絲綿的脫油工藝研究》 優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)論文 共25頁(yè) 14943字
摘要
絲綿片是用下腳繭和繅絲中途落緒后不能繼續(xù)繅絲的厚皮繭、蛹襯等繭層加工成的薄片綿張。在蠶絲被的絲綿制作過(guò)程中,蠶繭經(jīng)水煮后,蠶蛹的部分蛹油會(huì)滲透到繭層中;另外,由于操作過(guò)程會(huì)出現(xiàn)蠶蛹被壓破的情況,致使蛹油被蠶絲部分吸收。絲綿含油率高,絲綿的回彈性就差,并且在較短的使用時(shí)間內(nèi)絲綿會(huì)出現(xiàn)板結(jié)、收縮等現(xiàn)象,對(duì)蠶絲被所具有的吸濕、透氣等優(yōu)點(diǎn)有著嚴(yán)重的影響。其次,蠶絲被中含有的蛹油在微生物的作用下,會(huì)發(fā)出難聞的氣味,進(jìn)而影響它的質(zhì)量和使用效果。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用異丙醇對(duì)絲綿進(jìn)行脫油處理,探討異丙醇濃度和處理時(shí)間、溫度及浴比對(duì)脫油效果的影響。由單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)選出合適的異丙醇濃度、處理時(shí)間、溫度和浴比范圍,用正交實(shí)驗(yàn)優(yōu)化絲綿片脫油工藝條件。結(jié)果表明,利用異丙醇對(duì)絲綿的脫油處理,影響脫油效果的主要因素是溫度,其最優(yōu)脫油工藝為:異丙醇濃度85%、溫度70℃、時(shí)間50min、浴比1:25。此時(shí)的絲綿殘油率只有0.086%,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的0.5%。對(duì)比絲綿脫油前后的性能可知:脫油后絲綿斷裂強(qiáng)力稍微增強(qiáng),斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率相對(duì)增大,白度明顯增大。
關(guān)鍵詞:絲綿;脫油;異丙醇;殘油率
Abstract
Silk sheets are thin cotton piece made of cocoon layer , such as foot cocoon , thick skin and pupa that cannot continue reeling cocoon after dropping end within reeling. In the production process of silk floss quilt, part of pupa oil will penetrate into the cocoon layer after boiling. In addition, silkworm chrysalis are crushed during the operating process, resulting in the pupa oil being absorpted by the silk. Higher oil the silk sheets content, poorer the resilience is. Besides, in a short using time, there will be silk hardenness, shrinkage, which has serious effects on silk,s moisture , breathability and other advantages. Secondly, under the action of microorganisms, the pupa oil contained in silk sheets would give off a bad smell, which influences its quality and use effect.
This experiment discusses the effects of isopropanol concentration and treating time, temperature and bath ratio on oil removing, using the isopropyl alcohol for taking off oil processing of silk sheets. Through single factor experiments, we can select the suitable scope of isopropyl alcohol concentration, treatment time, temperature and bath ratio, and optimize silk sheets, deoiling conditions, through orthogonal experiments. The results show that, the main factor which influences the oil removing effect is temperature, and the optimal conditions are: isopropyl alcohol concentration 85%, temperature 70 ℃, treating time 50mins, bath ratio 1:25. At this time,the silk sheets, residual oil rate is only 0.086%, far below the national standard 0.5%. Contrasting silk sheets, deoiling performance before and after deoiling, we can see that: silk, breaking strength slightly increases, elongation at break increases relatively, and white degree increases obviously after deoiling.
Key words:Silk sheets ;Deoiling ;Isopropanol ;Residual oil rate
目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
1 緒論 1
1.1 用異丙醇脫油的發(fā)展概況 1
1.1.1 國(guó)內(nèi)用異丙醇脫油的發(fā)展概況 1
1.1.2 國(guó)外用異丙醇脫油的發(fā)展概況 2
1.2 繭絲上油脂的來(lái)源與實(shí)質(zhì) 2
1.3 除油原理 2
1.4 除油工藝 2
1.4.1 皂堿法除油 3
1.4.2 微生物化學(xué)精練除油 3
1.4.3 表面活性劑除油 4
1.4.4 有機(jī)溶劑除油 4
1.5 異丙醇 4
1.5.1 異丙醇的主要用途 5
1.5.2 用異丙醇作除油劑的優(yōu)勢(shì) 5
1.6 本論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容及意義 5
1.6.1 本論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容 5
1.6.2 本課題的研究意義 6
2 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料與方法 7
2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料與儀器 7
2.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料 7
2.1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器及設(shè)備 7
2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 7
2.2.1 工藝流程 7
2.2.2 絲綿殘油率的測(cè)定 7
2.2.3 單因素實(shí)驗(yàn) 8
2.2.4 正交實(shí)驗(yàn) 8
2.3 測(cè)定方法 9
2.3.1 絲綿回潮率的測(cè)定 9
2.3.2 絲綿斷裂強(qiáng)力和斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率的測(cè)試 9
2.3.3 絲綿白度的測(cè)試 9
3 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與討論 10
3.1 絲綿的回潮率 10
3.2 單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析 10
3.2.1 異丙醇處理時(shí)間對(duì)脫油的影響 10
3.2.2 浴比對(duì)脫油的影響 11
3.2.3 異丙醇濃度對(duì)脫油的影響 12
3.2.4 異丙醇處理溫度對(duì)脫油的影響 12
3.3 正交實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析 13
3.3.1 正交實(shí)驗(yàn)極差分析 14
3.3.2 脫油后絲綿的斷裂強(qiáng)力及斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率與四個(gè)因素之間的極差分析 14
3.3.3 脫油后絲綿的白度測(cè)試與分析 15
3.3.4 優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)與分析 16
4 結(jié)論與展望 18
4.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論 18
4.2 展望 18
致謝 19
參考文獻(xiàn) 20
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]儲(chǔ)呈平,盛家鏞,林紅,潘志娟等.新型多功能絲綿被的研制與開(kāi)發(fā)[J].絲綢:產(chǎn)品與開(kāi)發(fā).2003(12)
[2] 馮志紅,朱良軍,閔思佳,蔡杰,呂杰.高彈高保暖絲綿的性能[J].紡織學(xué)報(bào):第28卷第4期. 2007(4)
[3]馮潔等.絹紡原料的除油方法[J].絲綢 :1999(5)
[4]孫大偉.重油絹紡原料保膠除油的研究[J] . 碩士學(xué)位論文:2005(12)
[5] Richard D,Walter E,Peter J.Introduction to fats and oils technology[M].New York:AOCS Press:2000:236~247
[6]馬傳國(guó),程亞芳,朱玉魁.異丙醇溶劑浸出大豆油的研究[J].中國(guó)油脂:2007,32(1);21-24
[7]張曉飛,李昌,劉方波等.非烴類物質(zhì)作為食用植物油浸出溶劑的安全性分析[J].中國(guó)油脂:2008,33(2),1-4
[8]PROCTOR A,BOWEN D J.Ambient-temperature extraction of rice bran oil with hexane and isopropanol [J].J Am..
摘要
絲綿片是用下腳繭和繅絲中途落緒后不能繼續(xù)繅絲的厚皮繭、蛹襯等繭層加工成的薄片綿張。在蠶絲被的絲綿制作過(guò)程中,蠶繭經(jīng)水煮后,蠶蛹的部分蛹油會(huì)滲透到繭層中;另外,由于操作過(guò)程會(huì)出現(xiàn)蠶蛹被壓破的情況,致使蛹油被蠶絲部分吸收。絲綿含油率高,絲綿的回彈性就差,并且在較短的使用時(shí)間內(nèi)絲綿會(huì)出現(xiàn)板結(jié)、收縮等現(xiàn)象,對(duì)蠶絲被所具有的吸濕、透氣等優(yōu)點(diǎn)有著嚴(yán)重的影響。其次,蠶絲被中含有的蛹油在微生物的作用下,會(huì)發(fā)出難聞的氣味,進(jìn)而影響它的質(zhì)量和使用效果。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用異丙醇對(duì)絲綿進(jìn)行脫油處理,探討異丙醇濃度和處理時(shí)間、溫度及浴比對(duì)脫油效果的影響。由單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)選出合適的異丙醇濃度、處理時(shí)間、溫度和浴比范圍,用正交實(shí)驗(yàn)優(yōu)化絲綿片脫油工藝條件。結(jié)果表明,利用異丙醇對(duì)絲綿的脫油處理,影響脫油效果的主要因素是溫度,其最優(yōu)脫油工藝為:異丙醇濃度85%、溫度70℃、時(shí)間50min、浴比1:25。此時(shí)的絲綿殘油率只有0.086%,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的0.5%。對(duì)比絲綿脫油前后的性能可知:脫油后絲綿斷裂強(qiáng)力稍微增強(qiáng),斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率相對(duì)增大,白度明顯增大。
關(guān)鍵詞:絲綿;脫油;異丙醇;殘油率
Abstract
Silk sheets are thin cotton piece made of cocoon layer , such as foot cocoon , thick skin and pupa that cannot continue reeling cocoon after dropping end within reeling. In the production process of silk floss quilt, part of pupa oil will penetrate into the cocoon layer after boiling. In addition, silkworm chrysalis are crushed during the operating process, resulting in the pupa oil being absorpted by the silk. Higher oil the silk sheets content, poorer the resilience is. Besides, in a short using time, there will be silk hardenness, shrinkage, which has serious effects on silk,s moisture , breathability and other advantages. Secondly, under the action of microorganisms, the pupa oil contained in silk sheets would give off a bad smell, which influences its quality and use effect.
This experiment discusses the effects of isopropanol concentration and treating time, temperature and bath ratio on oil removing, using the isopropyl alcohol for taking off oil processing of silk sheets. Through single factor experiments, we can select the suitable scope of isopropyl alcohol concentration, treatment time, temperature and bath ratio, and optimize silk sheets, deoiling conditions, through orthogonal experiments. The results show that, the main factor which influences the oil removing effect is temperature, and the optimal conditions are: isopropyl alcohol concentration 85%, temperature 70 ℃, treating time 50mins, bath ratio 1:25. At this time,the silk sheets, residual oil rate is only 0.086%, far below the national standard 0.5%. Contrasting silk sheets, deoiling performance before and after deoiling, we can see that: silk, breaking strength slightly increases, elongation at break increases relatively, and white degree increases obviously after deoiling.
Key words:Silk sheets ;Deoiling ;Isopropanol ;Residual oil rate
目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
1 緒論 1
1.1 用異丙醇脫油的發(fā)展概況 1
1.1.1 國(guó)內(nèi)用異丙醇脫油的發(fā)展概況 1
1.1.2 國(guó)外用異丙醇脫油的發(fā)展概況 2
1.2 繭絲上油脂的來(lái)源與實(shí)質(zhì) 2
1.3 除油原理 2
1.4 除油工藝 2
1.4.1 皂堿法除油 3
1.4.2 微生物化學(xué)精練除油 3
1.4.3 表面活性劑除油 4
1.4.4 有機(jī)溶劑除油 4
1.5 異丙醇 4
1.5.1 異丙醇的主要用途 5
1.5.2 用異丙醇作除油劑的優(yōu)勢(shì) 5
1.6 本論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容及意義 5
1.6.1 本論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容 5
1.6.2 本課題的研究意義 6
2 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料與方法 7
2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料與儀器 7
2.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料 7
2.1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器及設(shè)備 7
2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 7
2.2.1 工藝流程 7
2.2.2 絲綿殘油率的測(cè)定 7
2.2.3 單因素實(shí)驗(yàn) 8
2.2.4 正交實(shí)驗(yàn) 8
2.3 測(cè)定方法 9
2.3.1 絲綿回潮率的測(cè)定 9
2.3.2 絲綿斷裂強(qiáng)力和斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率的測(cè)試 9
2.3.3 絲綿白度的測(cè)試 9
3 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與討論 10
3.1 絲綿的回潮率 10
3.2 單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析 10
3.2.1 異丙醇處理時(shí)間對(duì)脫油的影響 10
3.2.2 浴比對(duì)脫油的影響 11
3.2.3 異丙醇濃度對(duì)脫油的影響 12
3.2.4 異丙醇處理溫度對(duì)脫油的影響 12
3.3 正交實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析 13
3.3.1 正交實(shí)驗(yàn)極差分析 14
3.3.2 脫油后絲綿的斷裂強(qiáng)力及斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率與四個(gè)因素之間的極差分析 14
3.3.3 脫油后絲綿的白度測(cè)試與分析 15
3.3.4 優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)與分析 16
4 結(jié)論與展望 18
4.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論 18
4.2 展望 18
致謝 19
參考文獻(xiàn) 20
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]儲(chǔ)呈平,盛家鏞,林紅,潘志娟等.新型多功能絲綿被的研制與開(kāi)發(fā)[J].絲綢:產(chǎn)品與開(kāi)發(fā).2003(12)
[2] 馮志紅,朱良軍,閔思佳,蔡杰,呂杰.高彈高保暖絲綿的性能[J].紡織學(xué)報(bào):第28卷第4期. 2007(4)
[3]馮潔等.絹紡原料的除油方法[J].絲綢 :1999(5)
[4]孫大偉.重油絹紡原料保膠除油的研究[J] . 碩士學(xué)位論文:2005(12)
[5] Richard D,Walter E,Peter J.Introduction to fats and oils technology[M].New York:AOCS Press:2000:236~247
[6]馬傳國(guó),程亞芳,朱玉魁.異丙醇溶劑浸出大豆油的研究[J].中國(guó)油脂:2007,32(1);21-24
[7]張曉飛,李昌,劉方波等.非烴類物質(zhì)作為食用植物油浸出溶劑的安全性分析[J].中國(guó)油脂:2008,33(2),1-4
[8]PROCTOR A,BOWEN D J.Ambient-temperature extraction of rice bran oil with hexane and isopropanol [J].J Am..