降低加油站蒸發(fā)損耗方法研究

摘 要：加油站蒸發(fā)損耗是在加油站在收油操作或加油過(guò)程中，由于密封不嚴(yán)實(shí)，大量的油蒸汽排放到大氣中，而造成的油品損耗。而降低加油站的蒸發(fā)損耗是近年來(lái)油氣.儲(chǔ)運(yùn)專業(yè)人員在降低油品損耗方面的一個(gè)新的研究領(lǐng)域。本文通過(guò)對(duì)油品損耗的原因及加油站油氣揮發(fā)的特點(diǎn)的分析，提出了降低加油站蒸發(fā)損耗的幾種方法。論文主要內(nèi)容如下：
首先，分析了油品引起蒸發(fā)損耗的原因及類型，針對(duì)加油站油氣揮發(fā)的特點(diǎn)和發(fā)生揮發(fā)的重點(diǎn)部位，提出了通過(guò)收集蒸發(fā)的油品蒸汽來(lái)降低加油站的蒸發(fā)損耗。并提出了針對(duì)加油站油氣揮發(fā)重點(diǎn)部位的油氣收集系統(tǒng)。
其次，針對(duì)收集油氣的處理，提出了油氣回收的方法。具體介紹幾種油氣回收的方法及簡(jiǎn)單的工藝流程，并針對(duì)加油站適用情況，對(duì)幾種回收方法進(jìn)行綜合比較。另外還介紹了油氣回收在國(guó)內(nèi)外的應(yīng)用情況和今后油氣回收技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
最后，利用冷凝回收法設(shè)計(jì)了一套試驗(yàn)設(shè)備，并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，提出了冷凝法在油氣回收中的規(guī)律。

關(guān)鍵詞：加油站；蒸發(fā)；損耗；油氣回收
 
 
Reduces The Gas Station Evaporation Loss Method Research

Abstract :The gas station Evaporation loss is in receives the oil operation in the gas station or refuels in the process, because the seal is not solid, the massive oil steam discharges in the atmosphere, but creates losses of petroleum products. In recent years, reduced the gas station Evaporation loss is a new research area for oil gas storage and transport specialist in reducing the losses of petroleum products aspect. This article through to the losses of petroleum products reason and the gas station oil gas volatility characteristic analysis, proposed several methods about reduces evaporation loss of gas station. The paper primary coverage is as follows:
Firstly, analyzed the oil evaporation loss reason and the type, and had the volatility key spot in view of the gas station oil gas volatility characteristic, proposed through the collection oil steam to reduce the gas station evaporation loss .And proposed some oil&gas collection systems in view of the gas station oil volatility key spot.
Secondly, in view of collection oil gas processing, proposed several methods about oil&gas recovery. Introduced specifically several kind of oil&gas recovery method and the simple technical process, and aim at the gas station suitable situation, carries on the synthesis comparison to several recycling methods. Moreover also introduced technology of gas recovery from the gas station and its application progress at home and abroad.
Finally, has designed a set of test equipment using the condensation method, and has carried on the experiment. The data obtains which from the experiment was analyzed ,proposed a rule in the oil gas recycling from the condensation method.

Key words: Gas station;   evaporation;   loss;    oil&gas recovery 
　　　　　     目　錄
摘要 1
Abstract 2
目　錄 3
第一章  緒論 5
第二章　加油站的蒸發(fā)損耗 7
2.1　引起蒸發(fā)損耗的原因 7
2.1.1　油罐的大小呼吸 7
2.1.2　溫度 8
2.1.3　油罐內(nèi)氣體空間。 8
2.1.4　油罐的密封程度 8
2.2　油品蒸發(fā)損耗的類型 8
2.2.1　按照造成的損耗的原因來(lái)劃分 8
2.2.2　按作業(yè)性質(zhì)分類 9
2.3　加油站油氣揮發(fā)的特點(diǎn) 9
2.4　加油站控制油氣排放的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 10
第三章　降低加油站的蒸發(fā)損耗 12
3.1  降低加油站蒸發(fā)損耗的意義 12
3.1.1 　有利于人類健康 12
3.1.2 　保護(hù)環(huán)境 12
3.1.3 　節(jié)能 12
3.2  加油站控制油氣的主要方法 13
3.3　油罐車卸油密閉油氣回收系統(tǒng) 13
3.4　加油站卸油加油油氣收集系統(tǒng) 14
3.5  加油油氣收集系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的簡(jiǎn)介 15
3.5.1 真空泵 15
3.5.2 油氣回收系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控器 16
3.5.3 油氣回收專用油槍 16
3.5.4其它油氣收集專用件 16
3.6 　加油站油氣收集和回收的重點(diǎn)部位 17
第四章　加油站的油氣回收 18
4.1  油氣回收的概念 18
4.2  油氣回收的方法 18
4.2.1　吸附法 19
4.2.2　吸收法 20
4.2.3  冷凝法 21
4.2.4  膜分離法 22
4.3　油氣回收技術(shù)（裝置）綜合比較 22
4.4　 油氣回收應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 24
4.4.1　世界發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家地區(qū)的情況和我國(guó)現(xiàn)狀 24
4.3.2　油氣回收技術(shù)發(fā)展方向 24
第五章　實(shí)驗(yàn) 26
5.1  實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康暮驮?nbsp;26
5.1.1　實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?nbsp;26
5.1.2　實(shí)驗(yàn)原理 26
5.2  實(shí)驗(yàn)器材 26
5.3  實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 26
5.4  實(shí)驗(yàn)的前期準(zhǔn)備工作 27
5.4.1　冷凝裝置的設(shè)計(jì) 27
5.4.2　冷卻液的配制 27
5.4.3　蒸發(fā)油品的選取 28
5.5  實(shí)驗(yàn)方案的確定 28
5.6  實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟 28
5.7  實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析 28
5.8  實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論 33
第六章　 小結(jié) 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 35
致謝 36