目錄

第一章  緒論 - 3 -

數(shù)控技術(shù)和裝備發(fā)展趨勢 - 3 -

第二章  數(shù)控機(jī)床系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) - 8 -

一  總體方案設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 - 8 -

二  總體方案確定 - 8 -

第三章  進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 - 10 -

一  選擇脈沖當(dāng)量 - 10 -

二  計(jì)算切削力 - 10 -

三  滾珠絲杠螺母副的計(jì)算和選型 - 11 -

四  齒輪進(jìn)給齒輪箱傳動比計(jì)算 - 20 -

五  步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算和選型 - 21 -

第四章  微機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) - 26 -

一  微機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)綱要 - 26 -

[一]  硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) - 26 -

[二]  軟件電路設(shè)計(jì) - 27 -

二  8031單片機(jī)及其擴(kuò)展 - 27 -

[一]  8031單片機(jī)的簡介 - 27 -

[二]  8031單片機(jī)的系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展 - 28 -

[三]  存儲器擴(kuò)展 - 30 -

[四]  I/O口的擴(kuò)展 - 31 -

三  步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動電路 - 32 -

[一]  脈沖分配器（環(huán)行分配器） - 32 -

[二]  光電隔離電路 - 33 -

[三]  功率放大器 - 33 -

[四]  其他輔助電路 - 34 -

四  數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) - 35 -

[一]  軟件脈沖分配器 - 35 -

[二]  逐點(diǎn)比較法插補(bǔ)程序 - 37 -

[三]  步進(jìn)電機(jī)升降速軟件設(shè)計(jì) - 38 -

第五章  數(shù)控機(jī)床零件加工程序 - 40 -

第六章  總結(jié)與展望 - 41 -

摘要

  當(dāng)今世界數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備發(fā)展的趨勢及我國數(shù)控裝備技術(shù)發(fā)展和產(chǎn)業(yè)化的現(xiàn)狀，在此基礎(chǔ)上討論了在我國加入WTO和對外開放進(jìn)一步深化的新環(huán)境下，發(fā)展我國數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備、提高我國制造業(yè)信息化水平和國際競爭能力的重要性，并從戰(zhàn)略和策略兩個(gè)層面提出了發(fā)展我國數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備的幾點(diǎn)看法。 

    裝備工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和現(xiàn)代化程度決定著整個(gè)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的水平和現(xiàn)代化程度，數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備是發(fā)展新興高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和尖端工業(yè)（如信息技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、生物技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、航空、航天等國防工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)）的使能技術(shù)和最基本的裝備。馬克思曾經(jīng)說過“各種經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的區(qū)別，不在于生產(chǎn)什么，而在于怎樣生產(chǎn)，用什么勞動資料生產(chǎn)”。制造技術(shù)和裝備就是人類生產(chǎn)活動的最基本的生產(chǎn)資料，而數(shù)控技術(shù)又是當(dāng)今先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)和裝備最核心的技術(shù)。當(dāng)今世界各國制造業(yè)廣泛采用數(shù)控技術(shù)，以提高制造能力和水平，提高對動態(tài)多變市場的適應(yīng)能力和競爭能力。此外世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家還將數(shù)控技術(shù)及數(shù)控裝備列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物資，不僅采取重大措施來發(fā)展自己的數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)，而且在“高精尖”數(shù)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備方面對我國實(shí)行封鎖和限制政策?？傊?，大力發(fā)展以數(shù)控技術(shù)為核心的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)已成為世界各發(fā)達(dá)國家加速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、提高綜合國力和國家地位的重要途徑。

     數(shù)控技術(shù)是用數(shù)字信息對機(jī)械運(yùn)動和工作過程進(jìn)行控制的技術(shù)，數(shù)控裝備是以數(shù)控技術(shù)為代表的新技術(shù)對傳統(tǒng)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)和新興制造業(yè)的滲透形成的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，即所謂的數(shù)字化裝備，其技術(shù)范圍覆蓋很多領(lǐng)域：(1)機(jī)械制造技術(shù)；(2)信息處理、加工、傳輸技術(shù)；(3)自動控制技術(shù)；(4)伺服驅(qū)動技術(shù)；(5)傳感器技術(shù)；(6)軟件技術(shù)等。

關(guān)鍵詞：普通車床； 數(shù)控改造； 伺服系統(tǒng)； 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)   

      

The transformation and design of the economic CNC lathe                                                                                                                                                                                  

 ABSTRACT

The survey found that most enterprises of china still have large amounts general-purpose machine tools which have longevity of service, low precision, can not adapt to mass production , low automatization and adaptability ,but can not be washed out because of its low cost and continuity of enterprise's production

Purchasing new numerically controlled machines is an important way to improve production precision and efficiency, but it may not come true to many enterprises because it cost much. Enterprise's equipment updating step are counteracted severly. So General lathe's numerically controlled reforming is a quick way that costs less, improve production precision and efficiency, and it can improve enterprises' competitive power. So it can takes its place in our way to a powerful manufacturing country.  

The economical efficiency of the reform and the application of NC technology in General purpose lathe CA6132's numerically controlled reforming is researched in this paper according to our practice of CA6132's numerically controlled reforming. And the reforming scheme and main points are formed. The main contents is:  

    The economical efficiency of the reform is eva luated in detail and the rerorming scheme is maked according to misty optimum's synthesize adjudicate principle.The ball screw's type, assembling, supporting, bearing type, and stepping motor of feeding system is designed.he import and domestic NC systems were compared carefully, brought up a choose method and selected the NC system and automatic tool rest according to the function. Methods of installing and testing of general purpose lathe's numerically controlled reforming were put forward.                                                                

  KEY WORDS: General purpose lathe; NC reform ; Servo system ; CNC system