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經(jīng)濟(jì)管理外文翻譯,import (toy) safety, consumer protection and the wtoagreement on technical barriers to trade: prospects, progress and problemsglobal trade, human rights and imp...
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Import (toy) safety, consumer protection and the WTO
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade: prospects, progress and problems

Global trade, human rights and import safety
The risk to human and animal life of tainted imported products cannot be overstated. More than 100 people died from taking the diethylene glycol-tainted cold medicines and dozens more became ill. As many as 21 deaths may be linked to heparin, a popular blood thinner widely used in dialysis and heart procedures to stave off blood clots. According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the critical blood thinner contained a counterfeit ingredient that mimicked the real drug.14 Using sophisticated magnetic resonance imaging tests, the FDA uncovered that as much as 20% of the product’s active ingredient was an imitation.

全球貿(mào)易、人權(quán)和進(jìn)口的安全
人類和動(dòng)物受進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不應(yīng)該被過(guò)分夸大。受污染的二乙二醇感冒藥導(dǎo)致100多人死亡,幾十人得病,其中多達(dá)21人死亡可能與肝素有關(guān)。肝素是一種流行的抗凝劑,它廣泛應(yīng)用于透析和心臟手術(shù)中,以達(dá)到延緩血液凝塊的目的。據(jù)美國(guó)食品與藥品監(jiān)督管理局(FDA)調(diào)查所知,這個(gè)主要的抗血凝藥物包含一個(gè)偽造成份,美國(guó)食品與藥品監(jiān)督管理局采用先進(jìn)的磁場(chǎng)核磁共振成像的測(cè)試來(lái)讓它模擬真正的藥物。據(jù)了解,美國(guó)食品及藥品監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)現(xiàn)多達(dá)20%的產(chǎn)品的活躍成分是假的。
在一個(gè)快速全球化的世界中,各國(guó)應(yīng)如何確保進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的安全呢?世貿(mào)組織成員國(guó)能單方面對(duì)玩具的制定特點(diǎn)或相關(guān)的工藝流程及生產(chǎn)方法采用新條例嗎?這些問(wèn)題是由技術(shù)法規(guī)和國(guó)際貿(mào)易法的相關(guān)準(zhǔn)則以及人權(quán)法而產(chǎn)生的。一方面,技術(shù)法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)既可以作為一種貿(mào)易壁壘,同時(shí)對(duì)消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)品偏好、質(zhì)量期望和價(jià)格選擇產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。技術(shù)法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中有關(guān)玩具質(zhì)量和安全的規(guī)定即這些規(guī)定并沒(méi)有歧視性的“法理”或“事實(shí)”, 但這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和法規(guī)在國(guó)際之間的差異也有可能造成貿(mào)易障礙。假定組成世界貿(mào)易組織的153個(gè)成員決定創(chuàng)造他們自己的玩具安全法規(guī)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)于一個(gè)中國(guó)玩具制造商來(lái)說(shuō),他有可能就得面對(duì)153種法規(guī),并且還要遵守這些法規(guī)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而這樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致他失去規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)。在另一方面, 技術(shù)法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)又讓人們?cè)絹?lái)越認(rèn)識(shí)到健康與安全條例是政府責(zé)任