跌坎下的B型水躍(外文翻譯)

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中文： 1600字
英文： 6400字符



引言
水躍是最常見的消能方式之一。最簡單的形式，是矩形、棱柱水平明渠，這中類型已被廣泛運(yùn)用近兩個(gè)世紀(jì)，但對其水流特性不是很了解。
每當(dāng)利用水躍消能時(shí)，必須控制所有可能的流動條件下穩(wěn)定性。這是所謂的消力池，水躍發(fā)生在某特定的區(qū)域。眾多類型的消力池已提出過[例如，Peterka（5）]。其設(shè)計(jì)通常根據(jù)于水力模型中的復(fù)雜流動現(xiàn)象的研究。本試驗(yàn)用一個(gè)簡單的幾何模型，水躍發(fā)生在一個(gè)棱柱形、矩形的的明渠的底板上。雖然第一次觀測可追溯到1930年（1），但有價(jià)值和重要的水力特性并沒有完全發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此，一個(gè)基本的水力方程被用來分析水躍區(qū)域的非靜亞力的分布......


B-JUMP AT ABRUPT CHANNEL DROPS
INTRODUCTION
Hydraulic jumps are one of the most frequently used energy dissipators. Its simplest form, the plane hydraulic jump occurs in rectangular, prismatic, and almost horizontal channels; this type has been extensively studied for almost two centuries, yet, its internal flow behavior cannot be fully described. Whenever using hydraulic jumps as a kinetic energy dissipator, one has to control carefully its stability under all possible flow conditions. This may be achieved by so-called stilling basins, by which the jump is forced to appear at a particular location. Numerous types of stilling basins have been proposed [see, e.g., Peterka (5)]. Their design relies usually in hydraulic models by which the complex flow behavior can be studied. The present investigation deals with a simple geometrical configuration, the hydraulic jump in a prismatic, rectangular channel having an abrupt drop of the channel bottom. Although first observations date back to 1930(1), interesting and important features have not been thoroughly considered. Therefore, an elementary hydraulic approach will be developed by accounting for the nonhydrostatic pressure distribution at the drop section ......