摘要：一個包括 1,996個職業(yè)工人的全國性的調(diào)查，在努力定量職業(yè)工人關(guān)于工程生產(chǎn)力的看法。調(diào)查定量了83個相對矛盾的生產(chǎn)力要素，這一調(diào)查結(jié)果被一系列討論機構(gòu)所認同和支持，這些機構(gòu)中包括在美國各地的管理施工工地的職業(yè)工人們。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示職業(yè)工人們擁有一個好的有關(guān)生產(chǎn)要素的概念確實會影響到他們的日常生產(chǎn)，并且大部分對抗性因素可以被工地管理隊伍控制和處理。在職業(yè)工人的觀念中生產(chǎn)要素被認為是對施工生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生深遠影響的；生產(chǎn)要素包括：工具，可消費品，材料，工程圖管理和工程設(shè)備。一個統(tǒng)計學(xué)的比較分析被用于區(qū)分當(dāng)重要的生產(chǎn)要素與職業(yè)工人們相對低下的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗雜合在一起的時候。調(diào)查基于調(diào)查者協(xié)會的情況和商業(yè)條件進一步的審查生產(chǎn)力要素對建筑工程施工的影響中生產(chǎn)要素的重要性的不同。這些調(diào)查結(jié)果將有利于職業(yè)工人提高生產(chǎn)力和提高其效率的施工作業(yè)。

土木工程數(shù)據(jù)庫科目關(guān)鍵詞：生產(chǎn)力；勞工；建筑設(shè)施；施工管理；統(tǒng)計學(xué)

介紹

人們普遍認為，從上世紀(jì)六十年代以來美國的建筑施工勞動生產(chǎn)力大幅度削弱。1980年完成的研究報告說，1968年和1980年之間建設(shè)實際產(chǎn)出（增值）每小時降了一個年增長率，減少值為2.4至2.8%（阿倫1985，BRT 1983,斯托克斯1981）近期的研究使用建筑宏觀經(jīng)濟的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)勞工生產(chǎn)力在1999年繼續(xù)下降0.48%（特克勞斯2001）。雖然這些用宏觀經(jīng)濟衡量建筑施工生產(chǎn)力顯示結(jié)果是在逐漸減少，但研究微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)的學(xué)者們卻提出了相反的意見。在最近使用微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)的研究中，Goodrum等人（2002年）作報告說，通過200例抽樣顯示，勞工生產(chǎn)力的年增長率從1976年到1998年被改善了1.2％。無論是微觀方案顯示生產(chǎn)力被改進還是宏觀方案指出相反的意見，改善勞動生產(chǎn)力的機會是明顯存在Abstract: In efforts to quantify craft workers’ perspective of construction productivity, a nationwide survey involving 1,996 craft workers was employed. The survey quantified the relative impact of 83 productivity factors, which had been identified through a series of focus group sessions involving craft workers conducted on construction jobsites located throughout the United States. The findings show that
craft workers do have a good understanding of the factors affecting their daily productivity, and most of the adversarial factors affecting
productivity can be addressed by site management teams. Factors involving tools and consumables, materials, engineering drawing management and construction equipment were identified as having the greatest impact on productivity from the craft workers’ perspective.
A statistical comparative analysis was employed to distinguish the significant factors encountered by craft workers on projects with
relatively low perceived productivity. The research further examined the differences in the perceived relative magnitude of productivity
factors’ influence on construction productivity based on respondents’ union status and trade. These findings will be beneficial for engaging craft workers in productivity improvement and improving the efficiency of construction jobsites.


CE Database subject headings: Productivity; Labor; Construction sites; Construction management; Statistics.