中國(guó)目前正在處于一個(gè)變革的過(guò)程：從共產(chǎn)主義制度到社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，從農(nóng)村社會(huì)向城市社會(huì)，從工業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)到服務(wù)型經(jīng)濟(jì)。終于，這篇論文的主題定位就是見(jiàn)證中國(guó)的人口轉(zhuǎn)型導(dǎo)致社會(huì)保障的轉(zhuǎn)變。
中國(guó)正處在發(fā)展的社會(huì)保障體系，這種體系對(duì)應(yīng)它進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)化的過(guò)程。社會(huì)保障體系的中心是退休金計(jì)劃。中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的保障體系非常簡(jiǎn)單：“中央鐵飯碗”，國(guó)有企業(yè)包括和國(guó)有企業(yè)相關(guān)單位的員工可以終身享受從醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)到養(yǎng)老金所有基本的社會(huì)保障服務(wù)。在這種情況下，國(guó)有企業(yè)有責(zé)任支付他們自己的養(yǎng)老費(fèi)用。
由于經(jīng)濟(jì)，社會(huì)和人口的改變，傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)主義方式組織退休金變的不在可行，改革一步步實(shí)施，塑造了一個(gè)新的，更加現(xiàn)代的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度。最主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素是，國(guó)有企業(yè)的改革導(dǎo)致更多人失業(yè)，同時(shí)，在城市地區(qū)又出現(xiàn)一些充滿潛力的私營(yíng)單位，并且使得收入的大幅增長(zhǎng)。在養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的討論上，養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)城鎮(zhèn)化是討論的重中之重。盡管農(nóng)民工不斷向城市流動(dòng)，但是還有一半以上的中國(guó)人生活在農(nóng)村。養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度討論的核心是人口。中國(guó)人口老齡化迅速。不

China is currently undergoing many transformative processes: from a communist system to a socialist market economy, from a rural to an urban society, from an industrial country to a service economy. Finally, and that is the topic of this positioning paper, one can witness a demographic transformation and consequently a social security transformation.
China is now in the process of developing a social security system that corresponds to its transformation into a socialist market economy. Central to this social security system is the pension scheme. The “iron rice bowl,” China’s traditional social security system, was very simple: employees of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and state related organizations enjoyed cradle-to-grave security for all basic social security services, from employment to health care to pensions. In this environment, the state owned enterprises were responsible for supporting their own pensioners.