城市綠信息提取及景觀格局分析


摘 要：城市綠地是城市中一種特殊的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),它是城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要基礎之一,科學合理的城市綠地景觀布局能夠提升城市的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能,為城市的健康、持續(xù)發(fā)展提供有利的保障。本文以2011年4月21日全光譜TM影像作為信息源,利用Envi、ArcMap和Fragstats 等軟件,對西安市三環(huán)以內范圍進行幾何校正、輻射校正、融合、綠地景觀提取及監(jiān)督分類等步驟,完成對西安城市綠地信息的提取及制圖。在此基礎上,利用Fragstats和Excel等軟件對城市綠地的構成、景觀多樣性指數(shù)、破碎化指數(shù)、分維數(shù)、整體景觀格局指數(shù)等進行分析,并總結得出西安城市綠地景觀格局存在的問題,此將為西安城市綠地空間結構與格局的完善提供科學的依據(jù)。本文主要結論：
（1）西安市城市綠地景觀構成中占有最大面積的是附屬綠地，占到整個西安三環(huán)以內面積17.85％。公園綠地和防護綠地都在接近6％的水平。生產(chǎn)綠地最少，僅占有1.16％.
(2)西安市城市綠地中,景觀多樣性指數(shù)最高為66.0046,是附屬綠地。多樣性指數(shù)相對較低的是防護綠地，為45.4127。公園綠地次之為36.000.景觀多樣性最貧乏的是生產(chǎn)綠地，僅有13.0357。
(3)西安城市綠地景觀斑塊破碎化總體上上與多樣性成反比。最高的是附屬綠地，而最低的是生產(chǎn)綠地。
(4)西安市城市綠地景觀的分維數(shù)差異不是很大,總體,斑塊都較規(guī)則,斑塊形狀較為簡單所受到人為的干擾因素很大。
(5)西安市防護綠地的聚集度并不理想。需要在今后的工作中進一步加強聚集度，實現(xiàn)其防護的功效。

關鍵詞：城市綠地；景觀格局；格局指數(shù)；西安


ABSTRACT：The city green space is a special ecological system in the city, it is one of the important foundation of the city sustainable development, scientific and reasonable layout of city green space landscape can improve the function of ecological system of the city, to provide guarantee for the healthy, sustainable development of city. In April 21, 2011 the full spectrum of TM image as the source of information, using Envi, ArcMap and Fragstats software, geometric correction, radiometric correction, fusion, green landscape extraction and classification steps of Xi'an City within range, complete extraction and mapping of Xi'an city green space information. On this basis, the use of Fragstats analysis and Excel software for the city space form, landscape diversity index, fragmentation index, fractal dimension, the overall landscape pattern index, and summarizes existing greenbelt landscape spatial pattern of Xi'an city problems, this will improve the structure and pattern of green space in Xi'an city and provide scientific basis for. The main conclusions of this paper:
(1)the largest area of Xi'an city urban green space landscape is attached green space, accounted for within the Xi'an Sanhuan area 17.85%. Park green space and protective greenbelt are close to 6% level. The production of green space at least, only accounted for 1.16%.
(2)Xi'an city green land, landscape diversity index was the highest for the 66.0046, is attached green space. The diversity index is relatively low in protective greenbelt, 45.4127. Park green space time is 36.000. landscape diversity is the lack of space, only 13.0357.
(3) Xi'an city landscape fragmentation and diversity is inversely proportional to the overall. The highest is attached green space, and the lowest is the production of green space.
(4) the fractal dimension difference of Xi'an city landscape is not very big, overall, plaque is regular, the patch shape is simple by the man-made factors greatly disturbed.
(5) degree of aggregation in Xi'an city green space protection is not ideal. We need to further strengthen the degree of aggregation in the future work, to achieve its protective efficacy.
Key Words：urban green space; landscape pattern; landscape index; Xi'an