摘要

目前，電子系統(tǒng)正朝著結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化、高度集成化發(fā)展，儀器設(shè)備的控制部分通常包含復(fù)雜的電子系統(tǒng)，越來越多的電子設(shè)備在航空、衛(wèi)星等高科技中得到廣泛應(yīng)用，而電子系統(tǒng)極易受到電磁環(huán)境的干擾，在惡劣的電磁環(huán)境下?lián)p壞．因此，電子系統(tǒng)故障自修復(fù)的研究對現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展具有重要的意義．

本文首先簡要回顧了自修復(fù)研究的發(fā)展過程及研究現(xiàn)狀，介紹了電子系統(tǒng)的特點和分類，分析了電子系統(tǒng)故障原因和過程．闡述了FPGA及其應(yīng)用發(fā)展，在此基礎(chǔ)上，文章介紹了基于FPGA動態(tài)可重構(gòu)技術(shù)的原理和應(yīng)用，同時展望了FPGA動態(tài)可重構(gòu)技術(shù)的發(fā)展前景，基于FPGA的重構(gòu)系統(tǒng)具有自適應(yīng)、自主修復(fù)特性，在空間應(yīng)用中具有非常重要的作用．然后重點介紹了演化硬件的原理及應(yīng)用．演化硬件通過演化的方式實現(xiàn)電路功能，可看作是演化算法和可編程邏輯器件的有機結(jié)合，演化硬件通過演化算法可實現(xiàn)自身結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)，使系統(tǒng)具有自適應(yīng)性、自組織、自修復(fù)特性．基于演化硬件這些特性，總結(jié)了兩種自修復(fù)的方法：電子系統(tǒng)局部自修復(fù)方法和非線性自修復(fù)控制方法，并展望了電子系統(tǒng)故障自修復(fù)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景．

關(guān)鍵詞：電子系統(tǒng)，F(xiàn)PGA，可重構(gòu)技術(shù)，演化硬件，自修復(fù)

Abstract

At present, electronic system is developing toward the complication of structure, highly integrated. Equipment control section usually contain complex electronic systems, more and more electronic equipment is widely used in aviation, satellite and other high-tech, and electronic systems are highly susceptible to the interference of electromagnetic environment, and damaged in bad electromagnetic environment.  Therefore, the research on self-healing of electronic system fault has the vital significance to the development of modern science and technology.

This paper first briefly reviews the development of the self-healing research process and the latest progress in the area, and introduces the characteristics and classification of electronic system, and electronic system failure cause and process were analyzed. FPGA is expounded in detail, and on this basis, the paper introduces the theory and application of FPGA dynamic reconfiguration technology, at the same time, prospects the development prospect of dynamic reconfigurable FPGA technology. Reconfiguration system based on FPGA is self-adaptive and self-repairing, and plays an important role in space applications. The taxonomy for FPGA reconfiguration and dynamic reconfiguration technology is introduced in this paper. Then discuss the principle of evolvable hardware and applications. EHW realizes the function of circuit by means of evolution. EHW can be viewed as the combination between evolutionary algorithm and programmable logic device. EHW can realize self-reconfiguration through evolutionary algorithm to enable the system to be adaptive, self-organizing and self-repairing. Based on the characteristics, Summarizes two ways of self-healing, one is analysis and simulation of self-repaired control method, and the other is the method of electronic system part self-repairing, and propose the development prospects of electronic system self-repairing technology as well.

Keywords：electronic system, FPGA, reconfiguration technology, EHW, self-repairing

 目錄

1  緒論 1

1.1  電子系統(tǒng)故障自修復(fù)的發(fā)展史 1

1.2  電子系統(tǒng)故障自修復(fù)的研究意義及現(xiàn)狀 2

2  電子系統(tǒng)故障自修復(fù)的基礎(chǔ)理論 3

2.1  電子系統(tǒng)的基本理論 3

2.1.1  概述 3

2.1.2  電子系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用特點及分類 4

2.2  電子系統(tǒng)故障原因分析 5

2.3  FPGA的介紹 5

2.3.1  FPGA的功能特性 5

2.3.2  FPGA的應(yīng)用及研究現(xiàn)狀 6

2.4  可重構(gòu)技術(shù)研究 6

2.4.1  可重構(gòu)技術(shù)概述 6

2.4.2  基于FPGA的局部動態(tài)可重構(gòu)技術(shù) 8

2.5  演化硬件 10

2.5.1  演化硬件的原理分析 10

2.5.2  演化硬件的應(yīng)用實例及研究現(xiàn)狀 12

3  電子系統(tǒng)故障自修復(fù)原理及方法分析 14

3.1  電子系統(tǒng)故障自修復(fù)原理 14

3.2  電子系統(tǒng)局部自修復(fù)研究 15

3.2.1  胚胎電子系統(tǒng) 15

3.2.2  局部“自修復(fù)”電子系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu) 15

3.2.3  FPGA內(nèi)部構(gòu)建及“自修復(fù)”方法 16

3.3  非線性自修復(fù)控制方法及研究 17

3.3.1  非線性自修復(fù)控制方法 18

3.3.2  一種模型參考自修復(fù)控制方法 18

4  結(jié)論和展望 19

4.1  結(jié)論 19

4.2  展望 19

參考文獻 21

致  謝 23