以80C196KB為核心的智能無功補(bǔ)償裝置
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摘 要
隨著電力系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷的增加，對(duì)無功功率的需求也日益增加。由于無功功率在電網(wǎng)中傳輸會(huì)造成網(wǎng)絡(luò)損耗以及受電端電壓下降，因此大量的無功功率在電網(wǎng)中傳輸必然使電能利用率大大降低且嚴(yán)重影響供電質(zhì)量。在電網(wǎng)中的適當(dāng)位置裝設(shè)無功補(bǔ)償裝置成為滿足電網(wǎng)無功需求的必要手段。
論文分析了無功補(bǔ)償?shù)脑砗湍康?，針?duì)當(dāng)前低壓無功補(bǔ)償?shù)那闆r，給出了無功補(bǔ)償?shù)碾x線優(yōu)化方法，并結(jié)合輻射狀電網(wǎng)和非輻射狀電網(wǎng)得出相應(yīng)的補(bǔ)償容量。在實(shí)時(shí)補(bǔ)償方面，針對(duì)不同的負(fù)荷狀況,根據(jù)配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)電容器組優(yōu)化投切模型，從實(shí)時(shí)的角度研究電容器組的投切，推導(dǎo)出電容器組實(shí)時(shí)投切的線性整數(shù)模型以及這種模型的解法。對(duì)一些無功變化迅速的負(fù)荷，則給出直接以無功功率做控制量的簡(jiǎn)單模型。
設(shè)計(jì)了一套以80C196KB為核心的智能無功補(bǔ)償裝置，該裝置以無功功率最小作為控制策略，以電壓作為約束條件。論文闡述了該控制器的硬件原理及電路圖和軟件框圖。
關(guān)鍵詞:無功補(bǔ)償，有功損耗，補(bǔ)償策略，諧波，80C196KB單片機(jī)

Abstract
Due to increasing loads of electric power system, demand on reactive power was also increasing. Because transmission of reactive power in electric network can lead to network loss and step-down voltage, transmission of a great deal of reactive power necessarily resulted in reduction of using efficiency of power energy and severely effected voltage quality. It became necessary means that reactive power compensation devices were installed in proper position of electric network.
This paper introduced the principle and objective of var compensation, present the model of reactive power optimization planning about low voltage system. According as radiant or other power system, the compensatory capability was gained. On real time compensation, aimed at different load condition, based the former research. This paper deduced the linear integer model for capacitor switching and gave the resolving. And introduced the simple model direct on reactive power to some load where the reactive power changed rapidly.
An intelligent device was designed for var compensation. The device took the 80C196KB single chip micro-controller as main control chip, took reactive power as control target and took voltage as restricting condition. In this paper, it expounded the principle and electric circuits of hardware and the design of software.
Key words: Var Compensation, Power Loss, Strategy of Compensation, Harmonic Currents，80C196KB Single Chip

目 錄
1 緒論………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 課題背景…………………………………………………………1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)無功功率研究…………………………………………5
1.3 負(fù)載無功補(bǔ)償?shù)哪康暮鸵饬x……………………………………6
1.4 目前負(fù)荷補(bǔ)償?shù)牟蛔恪?
1.5 本設(shè)計(jì)的主要工作………………………………………………9
2 低壓終端無功補(bǔ)償?shù)睦碚摵脱a(bǔ)償策略…………………………………10
2.1 負(fù)荷無功補(bǔ)償原理………………………………………………10
2.1.1 感性負(fù)載端并聯(lián)電容器補(bǔ)償……………………………10
2.1.2 感性負(fù)載端并聯(lián)同步補(bǔ)償機(jī)……………………………12
2.1.3 感性負(fù)載串聯(lián)電容器提高功率因數(shù)進(jìn)行無功補(bǔ)償……13
2.2 低壓無功補(bǔ)償方式…………………………………………14
2.2.1 線路補(bǔ)償…………………………………………………14
2.2.2 終端補(bǔ)償…………………………………………………15
2.3 低壓無功補(bǔ)償?shù)暮侠砼渲迷瓌t…………………………………17
2.4 低壓無功補(bǔ)償策略研究…………………………………………18
2.4.1 離線補(bǔ)償策略……………………………………………19
2.4.2 實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)補(bǔ)償策略………………………………………22
3 控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………25
3.1 系統(tǒng)硬件總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………25
3.1.1 80C196KB芯片的特點(diǎn)……………………………………25
3.1.2 控制器存儲(chǔ)空間擴(kuò)展……………………………………26
3.2 系統(tǒng)硬件的各部分組成及功能…………………………………27
3.2.1 鍵盤電路…………………………………………………27
3.2.2 顯示電路…………………………………………………28
3.2.3 通信接口電路……………………………………………29
3.2.4 數(shù)據(jù)采集通道電路………………………………………30
3.2.5 電容器組投切電路………………………………………32
4 控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………35
4.1 系統(tǒng)總體軟件設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………35
4.2 鍵盤顯示接口軟件設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………36
4.3 通信軟件設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………37
4.4 數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………38
4.5 計(jì)算部分軟件設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………38
5 控制系統(tǒng)的抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………40
6 結(jié)論………………………………………………………………………42
致謝…………………………………………………………………………43
參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………………44
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