危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,核生化事故外文翻譯

英文+中文


中文翻譯：6400字
HAZAN方法在危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估中的應(yīng)用
Chemical Engineering Department，Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology， Surat 395007，Gujarat，India.
摘要：被Kletz作為概念化并提出，作為一例總是希望試圖保護(hù)或管理它來(lái)避免危險(xiǎn)。然而，可能有一定的危險(xiǎn)物可能不能被完全消除，因而應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析，并以任一減少發(fā)生的概率或限制的后果的嚴(yán)重性評(píng)定。特雷弗對(duì)HAZOP和危害分析（HAZAN）過(guò)程危害的方法是相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單的，其中危害被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)點(diǎn)源不像危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸是危險(xiǎn)的移動(dòng)源。作者采用的HAZAN技術(shù)，有害物質(zhì)的三種不同的聯(lián)合國(guó)的類別（危險(xiǎn)品），通過(guò)蘇拉特地區(qū)在印度西部重要的工業(yè)走廊，幫助地方當(dāng)局不僅決定了最小風(fēng)險(xiǎn)路徑來(lái)規(guī)范危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸?shù)倪\(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估，而且準(zhǔn)備了一個(gè)有效的疏散和應(yīng)急響應(yīng)策略。
關(guān)鍵詞：核生化事故；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；BLEVE；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)斷面；社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)





英文原文：27000字符
Applying HAZAN methodology to hazmat transportation risk assessment
Uday Kumar Chakrabarti， Jigisha K. Parikh∗
Chemical Engineering Department， Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology， Surat 395007， Gujarat， India

a b s t r a c t

As conceptualized and put forward by Kletz， avoiding hazard at first instance is always desirable than trying to protect or manage it. However， there could be certain hazards which may not be possible to be totally eliminated and thus shall be analyzed and assessed in order to either reduce the probability of occurrence or limit the severity of consequences. Trevor’s methodologies on HAZOP and hazard analysis (HAZAN) for process hazards are quite straightforward where the hazard is considered as a point source unlike hazmat transportation which is a moving source of hazard. The authors applied the HAZAN techniques to the transportation risk assessment of three different United Nations classes of hazardous materials (hazmats) through important industrial corridors of Surat district in western India that helped local authorities not only to decide on the minimum risk routes to regulate hazmat traffic but also to prepare an effective evacuation and emergency response strategies.
© 2012 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Hazmat； Risk； BLEVE； Risk transect； Societal risk


Introduction
It always pays to avoid a hazard rather than protecting it (Kletz， 1984). It is also recognized that although inherently safer design is desired， some hazards cannot be totally eliminated (Kletz， 1992； Heikkilä， 1999). Thus it is essential to identify and assess the hazards so as to design the layers of protection around them. Once hazards are identified in order to analyze and assess those hazards， a hazard analysis should be carried out to estimate the probabilities and consequences of the identified hazards posed by toxic， reactive， explosive or flammable substances in the installation before recommending the steps needed to bring the risk to a level which is as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) (Kletz， 1999). The consequences of any incident to be studied should be not only for workers， but also for the people living outside the installation and the environment. The mitigation measures would be directed either to reduce the probability of incident occurrences or to limit its consequences. The hazard analysis could be semi-quantitative (using hazard ranking matrices) or a quantitative one like quantitative risk assessment (QRA).