為煙花存儲點提供強制性援助項目/Enforcement Assistance Program for
內(nèi)包含中文翻譯和英文原文，內(nèi)容完善，建議下載閱覽。

①中文頁數(shù) 3

中文字?jǐn)?shù) 3370

②英文頁數(shù) 5

英文字?jǐn)?shù) 1976

③ 摘要
2000年一場重大的煙花爆炸事故發(fā)生在荷蘭的一個城市恩斯赫德，導(dǎo)致其爆炸的原因是煙花存儲缺乏安全性，這場事故造成了大量的人員傷亡以及相當(dāng)大的財產(chǎn)損失。這場災(zāi)難引起了更為嚴(yán)格的規(guī)章制度的產(chǎn)生及更多對執(zhí)行規(guī)章制度的關(guān)注。
更為嚴(yán)格的有關(guān)煙花的規(guī)章制度被加入到2002年3月生成的新的煙花法令當(dāng)中。相關(guān)的住房供給、空間規(guī)劃和環(huán)境部長對執(zhí)行煙花法令承擔(dān)政治責(zé)任。巡查機構(gòu)也屬于政府部門的成員，并具備兩方面的責(zé)任：
1、眾多規(guī)章的實施具體表現(xiàn)在執(zhí)政部門尤其在廢料和有害物質(zhì)方面負有責(zé)任。如有公司違反法律，巡查機構(gòu)則扮演代替部門執(zhí)行規(guī)章的角色。
2、對執(zhí)行進行監(jiān)督以及省、市權(quán)威部門對這些法規(guī)予以實施。荷蘭的12個省級權(quán)威部門和大約450個市級權(quán)威部門根據(jù)頒發(fā)給所有企業(yè)的環(huán)境許可證為其執(zhí)行環(huán)境負有責(zé)任。他們也要執(zhí)行有關(guān)為煙花存儲點的煙花法律規(guī)章。省市權(quán)威部門需要確保對所有違背法規(guī)的行為進行整改。巡查機構(gòu)負責(zé)檢查省市權(quán)威部門是否適當(dāng)?shù)芈男兴麄兊膱?zhí)行義務(wù)，這叫做“第二線監(jiān)督”。
巡查員認為煙花存儲點的監(jiān)管是首要的，因為最大的安全風(fēng)險往往跟儲放煙花相關(guān)聯(lián)。2004年，巡查機構(gòu)頒布了一個全國性的重點項目，具體集中在煙花的安全存儲上。這個項目聚焦于以上說過的第二項任務(wù)，即省市級權(quán)威部門的監(jiān)督管理。
本文主要涉及以下問題：
——項目結(jié)構(gòu)：目標(biāo)和行動；
——不完全遵循法律規(guī)章：在沒有自動引火熄滅系統(tǒng)的情況下；
——強制援助項目；
——強制援助項目導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果

major firework explosion occurred in the Dutch city of Enschede in 2000 caused by the unsafe storage of fireworks. There were numerous casualties and considerable damage to property. This disaster led to more stringent regulations for fireworks and greater attention to the enforcement of regulations.
The tighter regulations for fireworks were incorporated into the new Fireworks Decree of March 2002. The Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment holds political responsibility for implementing the Fireworks Decree. The Inspectorate is part of the Ministry and has two types of duties:
1. Enforcement of numerous regulations embodied in the legislation for which the Ministry is responsible, notably in respect of waste and hazardous substances. The Inspectorate acts as the enforcement agency when companies breach the law.
2. Supervision of the implementation and enforcement of those laws by provincial and municipal authorities. The 12 provincial authorities and approximately 450 municipal authorities in the Netherlands are responsible for enforcing the conditions attached to the environmental licenses issued to almost all companies. They also enforce the regulations contained in the Fireworks Decree for firework storage sites. The provincial and municipal authorities are required to ensure rectification of breaches of the regulations. The Inspectorate examines whether provincial and municipal authorities perform their enforcement duties properly. This is called “second-line supervision.”
The Inspectorate has given high priority to the supervision of firework storage sites because of the great safety risks associated with storing fireworks. In 2004, the Inspectorate launched a major nationwide project focused on the safe storage of Fireworks.
The project focuses on the second task mentioned above, namely supervision of provincial and municipal authorities.
This paper deals with the following subjects:
—structure of the project: objectives and activities;
—poor compliance with regulations: absence of automatic fire extinguishing systems in many cases;
—enforcement assistance program;
—results of enforcement assistance program.


④關(guān)鍵字 強制援助項目/ ENFORCEMENT