基于單片機的太陽能路燈控制器設計[獨家原創(chuàng)精品]

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摘 要
本論文主要完成對光伏電源LED照明控制系統(tǒng)進行優(yōu)化設計和研究，以使系統(tǒng)達到穩(wěn)定、操作方便、節(jié)能環(huán)保的要求。太陽能路燈智能控制器以C8051F330單片機為核心，主要由六個部分組成：太陽能電池板、蓄電池、負載（LED路燈）、控制器、測量電路、充電電路、放電/負載驅(qū)動電路。本課題的主要研究內(nèi)容有：針對現(xiàn)有獨立運行的太陽能路燈控制器的特點，實現(xiàn)多點控制蓄電池剩余荷電容量（SOC）控制和脈寬調(diào)制信號（PWM）來驅(qū)動太陽能LED路燈控制器的硬件設計和軟件程序設計。
首先對太陽能路燈基本模塊組成、基本功能及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進行了闡述，并根據(jù)蓄電池剩余荷電容量（SOC）的數(shù)學模型和剩余荷電容量（SOC）與蓄電池的使用壽命的關系提出了單片機系統(tǒng)改進的控制方案，并根據(jù)實際需要提出用脈寬調(diào)制信號（PWM）來驅(qū)動和調(diào)節(jié)白光LED，可使白光LED工作于發(fā)射最純凈白光。半導體PN結技術的太陽能光伏發(fā)電技術與發(fā)光二極管(LED)照明技術，都有著環(huán)保、節(jié)能、長壽命和安全的特點。對這兩項技術的高效結合進行優(yōu)化研究，符合我國目前節(jié)能，環(huán)保及可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的目標。
總之，隨著城市規(guī)模的不斷擴大，現(xiàn)有的路燈技術不能達到環(huán)保節(jié)能的要求，本文采用多點控制蓄電池剩余荷電容量（SOC）控制和脈寬調(diào)制信號（PWM）來驅(qū)動太陽能LED路燈控制器的硬件設計和源程序設計，能有效解決LED太陽能路燈的不足。因此，本課題設計對我國LED路燈節(jié)能環(huán)保的發(fā)展有很大的現(xiàn)實意義。
關鍵詞：光伏發(fā)電；脈寬調(diào)制信號；控制系統(tǒng)

Abstract
This thesis mainly completed on photovoltaic power LED lighting control system optimization design and research in order to make the system achieve stability, convenient operation, energy conservation and environmental protection requirement.The intelligent controller of solar street lamp with AT89C52 single-chip computer as the core is mainly composed of six parts: solar panel, battery and load (LED lamp), controller, measurement circuit and charging circuit, drive circuit discharge/load. This topic's mainly research of the content includes: according to the existing independent movement of the solar energy street light controller's characteristic. It realized the multi-spot control accumulator cell surplus electrically which control the charged capacity (SOC) and actuates the solar energy LED street light controller which by the pulse-duration modulation signal (PWM)‟s hardware design and the firmware program design.
First,this artical in detail find the basic modules for solar street light, the basic function and development. To improve control programs, it based on the remaining battery capacity of charge (SOC) of the mathematical model and the remaining capacity of charge (SOC) and battery life of the relationship between the proposed SCM system and proposed to the actual needs of PWM signal (PWM) to drive and adjust the white LED.Then the white LED can work on the launch of the purest white.What‟s more, PN junction semiconductor technology, solar photovoltaic technology and light-emitting diode (LED) lighting technology, all have environmental protection, energy saving, long life and safety features. Combining these two techniques to optimize the research, in line with our current energy, environmental protection and sustainable development are the development goals.
In one words, along with the expansion of urban scale's unceasing , the existing street light technology cannot achieve the environmental protection energy conservation the request. This article uses the multi-spot control accumulator cell surplus electrically charged capacity (SOC) to control and the pulse-duration modulation signal (PWM) actuates the solar energy LED street light controller's hardware design and the firmware program design. It may can the effectively survive LED solar energy street light's insufficiency. Therefore, this topic design has the very big practical significance to our country which based on LED street light energy conservation environmental protection's development.
Keywords：solar energy；automatic tracking；control system

目 錄
摘 要 2
Abstract 3
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢 1
1.3 本文的主要研究內(nèi)容 2
第二章 系統(tǒng)方案論證 3
2.1 方案比較與論證 3
2.1.1 太陽能電池板的選擇 3
2.1.2 蓄電池的選擇 3
2.1.3 照明燈具的選擇 3
2.2 方案的配置與計算 4
2.2.1 路燈設計所需的數(shù)據(jù) 4
2.2.2路燈設計參數(shù)的確定 5
第三章 系統(tǒng)設計的理論分析 6
3.1系統(tǒng)基本介紹 6
3.2太陽能路燈系統(tǒng)設計總體分析 6
3.3太陽能光伏發(fā)電的理論 6
3.4控制器設計的理論基礎 7
3.5蓄電池的充放電原理 8
3.6蓄電池充電技術研究 10
3.6.1恒流充電 10
3.6.2恒壓充電 10
3.6.3 快速充電 11
3.7 LED的發(fā)光及驅(qū)動原理 12
3.7.1 LED的發(fā)光原理 12
3.7.2驅(qū)動原理 13
第四章 系統(tǒng)的硬件設計 14
4.1系統(tǒng)電路框圖 14
4.2硬件設計的原理流程圖 14
4.3電源電路設計 15
4.4 LED指示電路 16
4.5光控電路 16
4.6 LED驅(qū)動電路設計 17
4.7涓流充電電路 19
4.8過充、過放控制電路 19
4.9單片機外圍電路設計 ..