車載終端定位和通信模塊的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)

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摘要 近幾年我國的汽車擁有量越來越大，汽車已經(jīng)成為人們出行的主要交通工具。但同時(shí)由交通事故造成的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失也隨之增加。為了減少這些損失，隨即出現(xiàn)了由車載終端定位和通信模塊組成的車載呼救終端。本設(shè)計(jì)主要對(duì)基于GPS/GPRS的車載緊急呼救系統(tǒng)終端進(jìn)行了研究，進(jìn)行了呼救終端的總體結(jié)構(gòu)、硬件和軟件設(shè)計(jì)。
該系統(tǒng)將定位與無線通信技術(shù)相結(jié)合，當(dāng)車輛事故發(fā)生時(shí)，無線射頻模塊接收到下位機(jī)發(fā)送來的事故信息，隨即將事故信息與GPS獲得的位置信息通過GPRS無線通信發(fā)送到救助中心，從而為事故人員獲得及時(shí)救援提供條件。車載緊急呼救終端的硬件主要包括STM32開發(fā)板、無線射頻模塊、GPS定位模塊和GPRS模塊。系統(tǒng)的軟件開發(fā)采用嵌入式方式，首先對(duì)各個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行流程設(shè)計(jì)，通過Keil uVision4編程軟件對(duì)STM32開發(fā)板、無線射頻模塊、GPS模塊及GPRS模塊進(jìn)行開發(fā)，并使用調(diào)試工具和燒寫軟件，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了本系統(tǒng)。它具有快速的響應(yīng)速度和精確的定位，能提高救援效率，有效減少事故造成的損失。
關(guān)鍵詞：緊急呼救 嵌入式開發(fā) GPS GPRS 無線射頻

The Design and Implementation of Vehicle Terminal Positioning and Communication Module
Abstract In recent years, While China's car ownership is growing, the car has become the main means of transport for people to travel. But the loss of life and property caused by the accidents has increased. To reduce these losses, there appears a vehicle terminal for help from the car terminal positioning and communication modules. The main design of the vehicle emergency-call-system based on GPS / GPRS conducted a study include overall architecture, hardware and software design for help terminal.
The system locates the wireless communication technology, when a vehicle accident occurs, the radio frequency module receives a lower machine transmitted the accident information, the position information immediately to the accident information and GPS obtained is transmitted to the rescue center through GPRS wireless communications, thereby providing conditions for the accident timely rescue personnel.In-vehicle emergency call terminal hardware includes STM32 development board, a wireless RF module, GPS positioning module and GPRS module. Embedded system software development methods, first of each module for process design, programming software by Keil uVision4 STM32 development board, a wireless RF module, GPS module and GPRS module development, and use debugging tools and programmer software, and ultimately this system.It has a fast response speed and precise positioning, can improve the efficiency of the rescue, effectively reduce the losses caused by the accident.
Key words Vehicle terminal Embedded development GPS GPRS RFID

目 錄
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 課題背景及意義 1
1.1.1 選題背景 1
1.1.2 選題意義 2
1.2 車載終端國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.1 國外研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.2 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 4
1.3 車載終端主要內(nèi)容及組織結(jié)構(gòu) 5
第2章 車載終端總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及硬件簡介 6
2.1 系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu) 6
2.2 STM32開發(fā)板簡介 6
2.3 GPS全球定位模塊 7
2.3.1 GPS簡介 7
2.3.2 GPS衛(wèi)星定位原理 9
2.4 GPRS通信模塊 11
2.4.1 GPRS模塊 11
2.4.2 GPRS技術(shù) 12
2.5無線射頻模塊 13
2.5.1 無線射頻模塊 13
2.5.2 射頻模塊特性 14
第3章 車載終端軟件的設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.1 無線射頻模塊的設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.2 GPS模塊的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.2.1 GPS模塊數(shù)據(jù)獲取 16
3.2.2 GPS模塊流程設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.3 GPRS模塊的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.3.1 AT指令 18
3.3.2 GPRS模塊流程設(shè)計(jì) 19
第4章 車載終端定位和通信模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn) 20
4.1 開發(fā)工具KEIL簡介 20
4.2 無線射頻模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn) 21
4.2.1 無線射頻程序核心代碼 21
4.2.2 無線射頻程序的實(shí)現(xiàn) 22
4.3 GPS模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn) 23
4.3.1 GPS模塊數(shù)據(jù)分析 23
4.3.2 GPS程序的編譯及燒寫 26
4.3.3 GPS模塊測(cè)試 27
4.4 GPRS模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn) 28
4.5 本章小結(jié) 29
結(jié) 論 30
致 謝 32
參考文獻(xiàn) 33