汽車(chē)車(chē)外噪聲仿真分析

2萬(wàn)字，包括詳細(xì)仿真程序
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摘要 汽車(chē)車(chē)外噪聲是汽車(chē)NVH性能的重要指標(biāo)之一，也是國(guó)家為改善環(huán)境噪聲關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目之一。很多國(guó)家都制定相關(guān)的條例和法規(guī)，希望能通過(guò)這種方法促使汽車(chē)噪聲降低。強(qiáng)制性噪聲限值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提高，對(duì)汽車(chē)的產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)研究提出了更高要求，從而促使了汽車(chē)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步。合理選擇噪聲源并建立預(yù)測(cè)模型，快速有效的進(jìn)行聲輻射模擬與貢獻(xiàn)率排行，對(duì)于汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品的降噪工作將具有重要的指導(dǎo)作用。
首先依據(jù)一般情況，將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、排氣和驅(qū)動(dòng)橋作為主要噪聲源，將其視作點(diǎn)聲源，通過(guò)Matlab軟件仿真出，在距車(chē)7.5米遠(yuǎn)，高1.2米處接收點(diǎn)的車(chē)外噪聲聲壓級(jí)。然后再進(jìn)行車(chē)外噪聲測(cè)試，獲取汽車(chē)通過(guò)噪聲數(shù)據(jù)，驗(yàn)證該模型建立正確。該模型只需輸入汽車(chē)噪聲源位置參數(shù)，到達(dá)始端線(xiàn)的速度和該噪聲源的近場(chǎng)噪聲聲壓值，就可以得出遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)測(cè)點(diǎn)的聲壓值，仿真出的數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確度高。該模型不僅適用于實(shí)驗(yàn)車(chē)輛。對(duì)其他車(chē)輛也同樣適用。
關(guān)鍵詞：汽車(chē) 車(chē)外噪聲預(yù)測(cè) 噪聲源 點(diǎn)聲源



Simulation analysis of vehicle pass-by noise
Abstract Automotive vehicle noise is one of the important indicators of automotive NVH performance, as well as one of the key projects which is aimed to improve the environmental noise. For this reason, many countries have developed regulations to reduce vehicle noise. The improved mandatory standards of noise limits have proposed a higher requirement for product research and development which contributed to the progress of automotive technology. Selecting reasonable noise sources and building predictive models, carrying out simulation of acoustic radiation efficiently and ranking the acoustic radiation contribution rate, all of which may have an important role in guiding automotive products for noise reduction.
Firstly, according to the general case, the engine, exhaust and drive axle , which are seen as  point sources, are the main sources of noise. Then，through Matlab the noise level of the receiving point which was 7.5 meters away from the car and 1.2 meters high from the ground was simulated. Finally, vehicle noise tests conducts to get the car through the noise, in order to verify whether the model is correct or not. As long as inputting the parameters of the noise source of the car, the speed when reached the beginning line and the near-field noise sound pressure level of the noise source to the model, the far-field noise sound pressure can be drawn and has high accuracy. The model is not only applicable to the experimental vehicle, but also applies to other vehicles.
Key words Vehicle pass-by noise Forecast Noise source Point source

目錄
第一章 緒論 2
1.1 研究意義 2
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外噪聲法規(guī) 2
1.2.1 ECE通過(guò)噪聲法規(guī)及其發(fā)展...................................3
1.2.2 國(guó)內(nèi)車(chē)輛通過(guò)噪聲法規(guī)發(fā)展 4
1.3 國(guó)內(nèi)外通過(guò)噪聲發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 5
1.3.1 我國(guó)汽車(chē)通過(guò)噪聲模擬研究..................................6
1.3.2 國(guó)外汽車(chē)通過(guò)噪聲模擬研究..................................7
1.4 本文研究?jī)?nèi)容 7
第二章 車(chē)輛通過(guò)噪聲分析 9
2.1 汽車(chē)噪聲源分析 9
2.2 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噪聲產(chǎn)生機(jī)理 9
2.2.1 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空氣動(dòng)力噪聲........................................10
2.2.2 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)表面輻射噪聲........................................12
2.3 傳動(dòng)系噪聲產(chǎn)生機(jī)理 13
2.3.1 齒輪噪聲..................................................13
2.3.2 軸承噪聲..................................................14
2.3.3 傳動(dòng)軸噪聲................................................14
2.4 輪胎噪聲產(chǎn)生機(jī)理 .....14
2.5 其他噪聲產(chǎn)生機(jī)理 14
2.5.1 制動(dòng)噪聲..................................................14
2.5.2 車(chē)身振動(dòng)噪聲..............................................15
2.6 本章小結(jié) 15
第三章 汽車(chē)車(chē)外噪聲仿真 16
3.1 汽車(chē)車(chē)外噪聲預(yù)測(cè)模型 16
3.2 預(yù)測(cè)模型仿真分析 18
3.2.1 時(shí)域預(yù)測(cè)..................................................18
3.2.2 頻域分析..................................................21
3.3 本章小結(jié) 26
第四章 汽車(chē)加速噪聲測(cè)試 27
4.1 加速行駛車(chē)外噪聲測(cè)試方法 27
4.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器.................................................27
4.1.2 測(cè)試條件..................................................28
4.1.3 測(cè)試方法..................................................28
4.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方案概述 29
4.3 整車(chē)噪聲測(cè)試 30
4.4 仿真結(jié)果分析 31
4.4.1 主要噪聲源分析............................................31
4.4.2預(yù)測(cè)模型和實(shí)際測(cè)量對(duì)比分析................................32
4.5本章小結(jié) 34
第五章 總結(jié)和展望 35
5.1工作總結(jié) 35
5.2工作展望 35
致謝 37
參考文獻(xiàn) 38
附錄 39
附錄A 勻加速工況整車(chē)噪聲時(shí)域仿真程序 39
附錄B 勻加速工況整車(chē)噪聲頻域仿真程序 41
附錄C 勻速工況整車(chē)噪聲時(shí)域仿真程序 43
附錄D 勻速工況整車(chē)噪聲頻域仿真程序 45