短碳纖維增強樹脂基復(fù)合材料的彈性性能研究

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摘要：汽車輕量化設(shè)計是降低汽車排放、提高燃油經(jīng)濟性的最有效措施之一。具有比強度大、比剛度大的碳纖維增強樹脂基復(fù)合材料在汽車輕量化設(shè)計中得到了越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用。由于復(fù)合材料的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，對于復(fù)合材料的性能要求也越來越高，研究并設(shè)計高性能的新型先進復(fù)合材料具有重大意義。有限元細觀力學(xué)研究復(fù)合材料是近年來固體力學(xué)研究的熱點之一。復(fù)合材料的有限元細觀力學(xué)研究宏觀均勻但細觀非均勻的介質(zhì)。目的是建立材料細觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征和材料等效宏觀性能間的定量關(guān)系，闡明復(fù)合材料的性能變化規(guī)律和破壞機制，從而給復(fù)合材料的優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供指導(dǎo)。建立適當(dāng)?shù)拇硇泽w積單元是細觀力學(xué)分析的關(guān)鍵，對分析和理解微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和宏觀性能的關(guān)系具有十分重要的意義。
對ABAQUS前處理進行二次開發(fā)，采用Python語言編寫3DRandFiber程序代碼，從而實現(xiàn)復(fù)合材料微觀結(jié)構(gòu)代表性體積單元的自動化建模。利用ABAQUS對代表性體積單元模型進行有限元分析，分別研究了纖維體積含量、纖維取向、界面彈性性能對復(fù)合材料宏觀彈性性能的影響。碳纖維體積分數(shù)增加，短碳纖維增強樹脂基復(fù)合材料的宏觀楊氏模量增加。隨著纖維與加載方向之間的夾角增大，該復(fù)合材料的宏觀楊氏模量先降低后升高。界面和基體模量的比值對該復(fù)合材料的性能影響不顯著。分析的結(jié)果期望給復(fù)合材料優(yōu)化提供一些設(shè)計參數(shù)。
關(guān)鍵詞： 短碳纖維增強樹脂基復(fù)合材料 代表性體積單元 計算機仿真 有限元分析

STUDY ON THE ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SHORT CARBON FIBER REINFORCED RESIN MATRIX COMPOSITES
Abstract：Automotive lightweight design is one of the most effective measures to improve Fuel Economy and reduce Vehicle Emission. Carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites have been widely applied in automotive lightweight design. With the increasingly widespread application of composite materials, the performance requirements of composite materials also become higher and higher, so it has an important significance in the design of high-performance new advanced composite materials. Research on composite materials by using finite element computation micromechanics become one of the hotspot in solid mechanics in recent years. The micromechanics of composite study the medium which are deemed as homogeneous in macroscopic level but inhomogeneous at microscopic level. The purpose of finite element computation micromechanics is to establish the quantitative relationship between the microstructure and the macroscopic effective properties of composite materials, and clarify the law and failure mechanism of composite materials, and then provide some useful guidance to the optimal design of composite materials. Establishing appropriate representative volume element to simulate and analyze the microstructure of composites and to understand the relationship between the microstructure and the macroscopic properties has the very significance.
After secondary development of the pre-treatment of the ABAQUS, the special program code which is used to achieve the automatic generation of the representative volume element of composite microstructure for 3DRandFiber is developed by Python language. In this paper, we seek to carry out direct micromechanical analysis of volume fraction of carbon fiber, particulate-to-matrix modulus ratio, carbon fiber orientation on the elastic properties of short carbon reinforced resin matrix composites. The stiffness of the composites increases with increasing particle volume fraction. As the angle between loading direction and fiber axes increases, the stiffness of the composites decreases first and then increases. Since the size of fillers is in the scale of micrometers, the influence of particulate-to-matrix modulus ratio is inconspicuous. The results of the investigation are expected to provide some design parameters for the microstructural optimization of the composites.
Key words： Short carbon reinforced resin matrix composites Representative Volume Element Computer simulation Finite element analysis

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1課題的研究背景 1
1.2復(fù)合材料 1
1.2.1復(fù)合材料概述 1
1.2.2 復(fù)合材料分類 2
1.2.3 復(fù)合材料的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展 3
1.2.4 復(fù)合材料的構(gòu)造和制備 4
1.3短碳纖維增強樹脂復(fù)合材料 4
1.3.1短碳纖維增強樹脂基復(fù)合材料概述 5
1.3.2 短碳纖維增強樹脂基復(fù)合材料的基體 5
1.3.3 增強纖維 6
1.3.4 短碳纖維增強復(fù)合材料的界面 6
1.4 研究的意義及內(nèi)容 7
第二章 復(fù)合材料力學(xué)分析基礎(chǔ) 9
2.1 復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)分析方法 9
2.2 彈性力學(xué)基本方程 10
2.3 復(fù)合材料的有效性質(zhì)及均質(zhì)化方法 12
2.3.1 復(fù)合材料的有效性質(zhì) 12
2.3.2 代表性體積單元 12
2.3.3 均質(zhì)化方法 13
2.4 有限單元法 14
2.5 有限元計算細觀力學(xué) 15
第三章 短碳纖維增強樹脂基復(fù)合材料微結(jié)構(gòu)仿真 17
3.1 引言 17
3.2 隨機算法微結(jié)構(gòu)仿真 17
3.3 基于體視學(xué)計算機重構(gòu)技術(shù)的仿真 18
3.4 基于Voronoi圖或Laguerre圖的仿真 18
第四章 短碳纖維增強樹脂基復(fù)合材料微結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)值模擬 19
4.1 有限元模型建立 19
4.2 有限元計算模型結(jié)果分析 20
4.2.1 短碳纖維體積分數(shù)對復(fù)合材料彈性性能的影響 20
4.2.2 纖維取向?qū)?fù)合材料彈性性能的影響 27
4.2.3 纖維—基體界面的彈性性..