波利亞的解題訓(xùn)練與題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)的辨析


目錄
第一章 緒論···························································5
1.1研究背景與意義··················································5
1.2國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀····················································6
1.3研究方法和思路··················································8
第二章 題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)與波利亞解題訓(xùn)練思想介紹··························9
2.1什么是題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)··················································9
2.2什么是波利亞的解題訓(xùn)練思想······································9
2.2.1波利亞的數(shù)學(xué)教育思想··········································10
2.2.2波利亞的解題訓(xùn)練思想與怎樣解題································11
第三章 波利亞的解題訓(xùn)練與題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)的辨析··························15
3.1傳統(tǒng)題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)············································15
3.1.1“題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)”的積極作用········································15
3.1.2“題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)”的弊端············································16
3.2波利亞的解題訓(xùn)練的優(yōu)點(diǎn)··········································17
3.2.1借助波利亞的“解題理論”，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的解題習(xí)慣···············17
3.2.2借助波利亞的“解題理論”，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性思維···················18
3.3波利亞的解題訓(xùn)練與題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)之間的矛盾分析························20
3.3.1訓(xùn)練的目的不同················································20
3.3.2訓(xùn)練的方式不同················································20
3.3.3能力培養(yǎng)的效果不同············································21
3.4用波利亞的解題思想來(lái)改革傳統(tǒng)的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)的建議····················21
3.4.1解讀對(duì)“題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)”的誤區(qū)······································21
3.4.2波利亞解題思想為數(shù)學(xué)解題教學(xué)提供方法論························22
3.4.3波利亞解題思想為中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)提供理論模式······················22
3.4.4怎樣推廣波利亞解題思想········································22
結(jié)論···································································23
致謝···································································24
參考文獻(xiàn)······························································25







波利亞的解題訓(xùn)練與題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)的辨析

摘要 如今隨著素質(zhì)教育的大力提倡，“題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)”已經(jīng)無(wú)法適應(yīng)目前的教育狀況了,學(xué)生們過(guò)于沉重的學(xué)業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)和心理壓力已經(jīng)成為了教學(xué)改革的重大障礙。波利亞的解題訓(xùn)練就明顯與“題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)”不同，他把解題作為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)才能和教會(huì)他們思考的方法。波利亞反對(duì)讓學(xué)生做大量題目，他始終認(rèn)為，一個(gè)教師如果讓他的學(xué)生做過(guò)量的練習(xí)題來(lái)提高成績(jī)，那他必然會(huì)扼殺學(xué)生的興趣，妨礙他們的智力發(fā)展，這也是教師自身能力不足的體現(xiàn)。波利亞強(qiáng)調(diào)，解題訓(xùn)練是為了引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)展智力，提高數(shù)學(xué)才能。波利亞的解題訓(xùn)練正是通過(guò)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生按照“怎樣解題”表中方法去思考問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主掌握解題過(guò)程的一般規(guī)律。這樣的方法是完全不同于傳統(tǒng)的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)的解題訓(xùn)練方式。本文以波利亞的解題思想與傳統(tǒng)的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)作為研究對(duì)象，分析傳統(tǒng)的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及其對(duì)學(xué)生的影響.通過(guò)波利亞的解題思想對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)進(jìn)行改革，取其精華去其糟粕。希望能通過(guò)普及波利亞的解題思想真正推動(dòng)素質(zhì)教育的進(jìn)程。
關(guān)鍵詞：題海戰(zhàn)術(shù) 波利亞的解題思想 怎樣解題 應(yīng)試教育 素質(zhì)教育



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