嬰幼兒眼底視網(wǎng)膜成像光學(xué)系統(tǒng)研究

16200字 38頁

摘要：眼底毛細(xì)血管是人體內(nèi)唯一可以通過儀器直接觀察的微型血光，對于這些血管的觀察可用于多種疾病的預(yù)防和診斷，例如高血壓、心臟病等。人們設(shè)計(jì)過多種眼底檢測儀器，其中，眼底相機(jī)（fundus camera）是目前臨床上對病人眼底檢測的主要儀器之一。
隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，對眼底相機(jī)成像技術(shù)要求越來越高，眼底相機(jī)也得到了更廣泛的運(yùn)用，為了早期診斷及治療早產(chǎn)嬰兒視網(wǎng)膜病變（ROP），必須對早產(chǎn)嬰兒眼底視網(wǎng)膜進(jìn)行檢查，設(shè)計(jì)一款應(yīng)用于小型化、重量輕、手持式眼底相機(jī)的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)，其視場角為120度甚至更大,分辨率為200萬像素。
為消除來自眼角膜的反射光，提出采用環(huán)形光導(dǎo)作為光源的辦法，不僅提高系統(tǒng)照明的均勻度，同時(shí)，提高了系統(tǒng)光能的利用率；在照明系統(tǒng)中加入黑點(diǎn)板以消除雜光和鬼像,利用CODEV軟件對眼底相機(jī)成像系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化，系統(tǒng)鏡片全部采用球面，提高性價(jià)比，與傳統(tǒng)眼底相機(jī)相比，其結(jié)構(gòu)更加簡單、緊湊。
關(guān)鍵詞：眼底相機(jī) 光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 早產(chǎn)嬰兒視網(wǎng)膜病變 大視場 角膜接觸鏡



Study of pediatric fundus retina imaging optical system

Abstract There are many intravital vessels of human’s body in fundus, observing these vessels can help the diagnosis and precaution of many diseases. such as hypertension, cardiopathy and etc.. Various instruments have been invented for fundus examination, fundus camera is one of the main instruments used in the clinical diagnosis on the fundus of eyes at present.
With the development of modern science and technology, higher standards on the fundus camera imaging are requested,the fundus camera has been given a wider application as well. In order to enable timely diagnosis and treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)，the fundus of the eyes in prematurely born children must be examined. A new type of optical system is designed to be used in a small,light weight,hand-held fundus camera . The invention is expected to provide the field of view of 120 degrees and larger，two mega pixels resolution as well.
In order to remove the stray light reflected from cornea, a ring-shaped fiber light source is used . The method can not only guarantee the uniformity of illumination on fundus, but also remarkably improve the efficiency of illumination . We set some black spot plates in the illumination system to avoid the scatter light and central ghost. The optical system of fundus camera is designed and optimized by CODEV , the system is completed by sphere which enjoy a better performance-price ratio and get much more simple and compact comparing with classical system.
Key words fundus camera optical design retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) large field of view contact lens



目錄

第一章 緒論 1
1.1眼底檢測光學(xué)儀器簡介 2
1.1.1檢眼鏡 2
1.1.2眼底相機(jī) 2
1.1.3激光掃描眼底鏡（SLO） 2
1.1.4光學(xué)相干層析成像(OCT) 3
1.1.5裂隙燈顯微鏡 3
1.2眼底相機(jī)的發(fā)展方向 3
1.3本課題的主要工作 3
第二章 人眼的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和光學(xué)特性 5
2.1引言 5
2.2人眼結(jié)構(gòu)和光學(xué)特性 5
2.2.1人眼的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 5
2.2.2人眼的光學(xué)特性 7
2.2.3人眼的缺陷 7
2.3眼底檢測的醫(yī)學(xué)意義 8
2.4 早產(chǎn)兒視網(wǎng)膜病變 9
2.4.1 ROP介紹 9
2.4.2 我國ROP篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 10
2.5本章小結(jié) 10
第三章 眼底相機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)原理 11
3.1影響眼底相機(jī)成像質(zhì)量的因素 11
3.1.1 角膜的反射 11
3.1.2 瞳孔限制 11
3.1.3雜光和鬼像 11
3.2 眼底相機(jī)的原理 11
3.2.1 成像系統(tǒng) 12
3.2.2 照明系統(tǒng) 12
3.2.3 調(diào)焦投影系統(tǒng) 12
3.3 本章小結(jié) 12
第四章 眼底相機(jī)成像系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 13
4.1成像系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 13
4.1.1 視場角 13
4.1.2放大倍率 13
4.1.3 工作距離d 13
4.1.4 系統(tǒng)的焦距f 13
4.2 成像光路設(shè)計(jì) 14
4.2.1 眼睛模型的建立 14
4.2.2 接目物鏡設(shè)計(jì) 15
4.2.3 成像物鏡設(shè)計(jì) 16
4.2.4 整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的建立和優(yōu)化 16
4.3 成像質(zhì)量分析 20
4.4 本章小結(jié) 23
第五章 眼底相機(jī)照明系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 24
5.1 消除角膜反射光 24
5.2 消雜光設(shè)計(jì)和鬼像的控制 24
5.3均勻照明設(shè)計(jì) 25
5.4本章小結(jié) 25
第六章 結(jié)束語 26
6.1主體工作總結(jié) 26
6.2設(shè)計(jì)的主要收獲 27
6.3不足和展望 27
致謝 28
參考文獻(xiàn) 29